摘要
中国近代出土的文献包括汉文和各种少数民族文字文献,种类繁多,内容丰富,其中不仅有汉文早期文字形式甲骨文,还有多种少数民族文字,包括已经消亡的"死文字",不仅丰富了中国文字学内容,深化了各文种的具象研究,也推动了文字学的起源、体系和比较等系统研究,为中国乃至世界文字学研究做出了重要贡献。出土文献记录了多种不同类型的语言,包括汉藏语系、阿尔泰语系和印欧语系的语言,使已知的语言增加了大量新语料,还发现了很多过去未知的语言,揭示了很多少数民族古代语言语音、词汇、语法的面貌,有力地推进了语言的系属研究、对比研究和语言史研究。出土文献真实地记录了历史上各民族、王朝的社会历史,很多是珍贵的档案资料,可以补充存世传统文献记录的不足,甚至还可订正其中的误记,具有特殊的历史学价值。出土文献对文字学、语言学和历史学都提供了大量新资料,具有十分重要甚至是不可替代的学术价值,是了解历史上"丝绸之路"的钥匙,是中华民族文明的重要载体。
The documents unearthed in modern China include Chinese and various ethnic languages,which are rich in variety and contents.Among these documents,there are not only oracle inscriptions in the early Chinese characters,but also many ethnic characters,including some fading or dead languages,which not only enrich the content of Chinese philology,deepen the concrete research of various languages,but also promote the systematic study of the origin,system and comparison of philology,and make important contributions to the study of Chinese and even the world philology research.The unearthed documents record many different types of languages,including Sino-Tibetan language family,Altai language and Indo-European language families,which have added a large number of new materials to known languages.Moreover,they have allowed the discovery of many previously unknown languages,revealing the phonetic,lexical and grammatical features of many ancient languages of ethnic minorities,and thus enhanced the research on language family,on comparative study and language history.The unearthed documents truly record the social history of various ethnicity and dynasties in history,many of which are precious archival materials,which can supplement for the insufficient world traditional records,and even correct some wrong record,thus enjoying special historical value.The unearthed documents provide a large number of new materials for philology,linguistics and history.They enjoy important and irreplaceable academic value and are the key to understanding the"Silk Road"in history and the important demonstration for Chinese civilization.
作者
史金波
SHI Jin-bo(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期13-22,共10页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金特别委托项目“西夏文献文物研究”(项目编号:11@ZH001)的阶段性成果。
关键词
出土文献
少数民族
文字学
语言学
历史学
unearthed literature
ethnic minorities
philology
linguistics
history
