摘要
农业是中国经济平稳发展的基石,在保障了粮食安全的同时也造成了严重的面源污染。过去10 a,中国面源污染治理虽取得一定成效,但农业源的贡献仍居高不下。该研究阐述了新时期农业面源污染治理面临的挑战,结合国家农业绿色发展的重大需求,提出了以“生态循环、流域统筹”为核心的农业面源污染治理新思路;分析了农业面源污染治理的卡脖子技术,提出了以“种养结合、产业链循环”为核心的污染治理实现路径;深入探讨了农业面源污染治理运维机制不通畅的原因,提出以“农民和农业企业为主力军”的多元主体治理及运维机制;结合典型案例,阐述了农业面源污染治理的实现路径和应用效果,以期为推动中国农业农村生态环境治理体系的现代化建设提供支撑。
Agriculture is the cornerstone of economic development in China to serve a solid foundation for food security over the last three decades.However,the rapid increases in crop and animal production have caused serious non-point pollution,while farmers have received limited benefits,where the countryside and natural habitats have been insufficiently protected.Since great contributions have been made to mitigate the pollution over past decades,the pollution induced by agriculture are still great challenge.Since 2018,the rural revitalization led by the construction of ecological civilization marks the beginning of a new era in the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution with higher requirements.In this study,an attempt was made on the shortage,and challenges of agricultural non-point source pollution control in modern agriculture.Currently,a systematical investigation is still lacking,particularly on the occurrence mechanism of environmental pollutants at the interface,microorganism and molecular scale.In the phase of pollutant migration,transformation and absorption,there is a lack of accurate traceability technology.In the aspect of model simulation,the parametrization of non-point source pollution mechanism,rationalization of model parameters and modularization of management measures need to be strengthened.In terms of technology,the traditional mode of relying on single source governance that"fixes the point and the line but not the watershed"cannot achieve the effect of overall optimization.This study focused on the major existing challenges of agro-ecological environment in China,further to propose that ecological cycle of agricultural industries practicing with a watershed orientation.The watershed management can be the core of agricultural non-point source pollution control.The traditional linear production mode of"resources-product-waste discharge"in the main grain production areas can be transformed into the combination of multi-dimensional and multi-levels of watershed,recycling,and benefit-ori
作者
展晓莹
张爱平
张晴雯
Zhan Xiaoying;Zhang Aiping;Zhang Qingwen(Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第20期1-7,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(41977072、41907087)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-007)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF201905)。
关键词
农业
机制
面源污染
流域统筹
种养结合
生态循环
多元治理
长效运维
agriculture
mechanisms
non-point source pollution
watershed-oriented planning
integration of cropping and livestock
ecological cycle
pluralist governance
long-acting operation and maintenance
