摘要
路德维希·维特根斯坦是20世纪影响最大的哲学家之一,学界普遍将其哲学分为分析哲学和日常语言哲学两个主张截然不同的阶段,这一独特的发展路径使得学界认为其前后期哲学思想发生了巨大变化。从维氏对思维和语言关系的探讨切入,考察其中的“确定与不确定”“本质与反本质”“科学与非科学”三组对立关系,发现维氏坚持语境观,以消解语言的不确定性,使用“非科学”的表达方式追问世界的“本质”问题。因此维氏的前后期哲学思想虽然看上去变化巨大,但根本立场与基本思想并未发生实质性改变。从表达方式上看,维氏哲学在前后期存在冲突,但从整体发展上看,这种变化实质上是其后期对前期哲学思想的融合。审定“正确的思想”既不是绝对重要的,也不是唯一重要的。在特定的情景中找到合适的语言,最恰当地呈现与传递思想,是对生活世界负责的基本要求,也是维氏一生的探索给我们最重要的启示。
As one of the most influential philosophers in the 20 th century,Ludwig Wittgenstein was deemed to divide his philosophy into two opposite phases,namely,analytic philosophy and ordinary language philosophy,which the academia universally thought to be drastic change of his thoughts.This paper discusses the relationship between thinking and language,focusing on three pairs of notions which seem quite opposite,certainty/uncertainty,essence/non-essence,and scientific/non-scientific.Wittgenstein argues to eliminate uncertainty of language through context,and explores the essence of the world with non-scientific expressions.It seems that great changes had happened in his philosophy.However,it would be more desirable to say that his thoughts were much more integrated than fragmented from a developing perspective.It is not the one and absolute important task to justify the“correctness”,but to find the most suitable language and convey our thoughts most appropriately within specific context.This could be our most fundamental responsibility for life as well as the biggest inspiration we gain from Wittgenstein’s philosophy.
作者
刘扬
LIU Yang(National Research Center of Foreign Language Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)
出处
《太原师范学院学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第4期1-5,共5页
Journal of Taiyuan Normal University:Social Science Edition
关键词
维特根斯坦
思维与语言的关系
逻辑语言
日常语言
Wittgenstein
relationship between thinking and language
logical language
ordinary language
