摘要
综述了量子点的合成方法,包括技术新颖的电化学合成法、应用广泛的有机相合成法和简便科学的水相合成法,介绍了常见的量子点的荧光特性、细胞毒性、表面修饰和稳定性等内容。指出了其存在荧光寿命低和易于团聚等缺点,简述了其在癌症检测和药物投递、细胞成像、离子检测,以及半乳糖氧化酶活性检测等方面的应用。最后指出,深入探究量子点表面与药物小分子结合的作用原理,降低量子点对肿瘤细胞周围组织的毒副作用,推动磁性荧光量子点和酶-纳米材料复合体系的发展,实现量子产率高、分散性好、成本低廉的荧光量子点的制备是未来研究的热门方向。
Quantum dots are a rising star among nanomaterials in recent years.They not only have fascinating properties such as luminescence effect,quantum size effect and interface effect,but also have strong chemical stability,rich surface ion species and wide ligand selectivity.Because of these advantages,so it occupies an important position in the research of luminescent materials.The synthesis methods of quantum dots including novel electrochemical synthesis methods,widely used organic phase synthesis methods,and simple and scientific aqueous phase synthesis methods were reviewed.The fluorescence characteristics,cytotoxicity,surface modification,stability and other content of common quantum dots were introduced.It pointed out its shortcomings such as low fluorescence lifetime and easy agglomeration,and briefly described its applications in cancer detection and drug delivery,cell imaging,ion detection,and galactose oxidase activity detection.Finally,it was pointed out that the principle of the combination of quantum dot surface and drug small molecule was deeply explored,the toxic side effects of quantum dots on the surrounding tissues of tumor cells were reduced,and the development of magnetic fluorescent quantum dots and enzyme-nanomaterial composite systems was promoted to achieve high quantum yield.The preparation of fluorescent quantum dots with good dispersion and low cost was a hot research direction in the future.
作者
毕明刚
张纪梅
Bi Minggang;Zhang Jimei(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Tianjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin 300387;State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Process,Tianjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin 300387)
出处
《化工新型材料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期24-29,34,共7页
New Chemical Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金(21106101)
天津市自然基金(12JCZDJC29500)。
关键词
纳米材料
量子点
表面修饰
应用研究
nanomaterial
quantum dot
surface modification
applied research