摘要
颗粒流包括滑坡、泥石流、碎屑流、雪崩等,通常对桥梁、公路、居民区具有较大危害。分析了颗粒流的运动过程及其侵蚀、堆积和爬高等特性;此外,对颗粒流冲击力计算模型及其野外观测结果进行阐述。结果表明:现有冲击力计算模型认为冲击力在结构全断面呈均匀分布,忽略了颗粒流的运动特性对冲击力的影响;大块石冲击力计算忽略了颗粒破碎和浆体垫层效应对冲击力的影响,造成巨大的计算误差;由于传统传感器的缺陷,现有野外观测结果也存在较大误差。对此本文提出野外观测需要通过引入或开发新式压力传感器以得到更准确的颗粒流冲击力大小及其分布形式,从而更精确的修正理论模型;理论计算模型研究工作需要考虑颗粒流浆体的垫层效应、流体与基底的相互作用及块石冲击破碎等对流体冲击力的影响,从而推导出更准确的冲击力计算模型,指导工程实际。
Granular flow movement such as landslide,debris flow and avalanche usually has tremendous harm. This review paper concludes the kinetic characteristics of the granular flow,including accumulation,run up and erosion. This review provides an overview of the impact computational models and the results of the field observations of granular flow. Consequently,we find some problems of the impact computational models and the results of the field observations of granular flow. First,the conclusion that impact is uniform distribution along the whole section is incomplete,and the existing computational models exclude kinetic characteristics of the granular flow. Besides,when calculating the impact of the boulder,the existing models exclude the cushioning effect of slurry as well as the grain crush of the boulder,which results in great errors. Due to the defects of traditional sensors,there exists great deviations in the field observation data. As for the above problems,our review provides some useful suggestions. For instance,a new pressure sensor need to be introduced or created in the field investigations,which can obtain the good value and distribution of impact in the whole section,then the theoretical models can be corrected more accurately. Meanwhile,correction factors on the cushioning effect of slurry as well as the crush of the boulders should be taken into consideration when crating new impact computational models. Thus,the corrected new computational models will provide a guidance for engineering design.
作者
刘洋
游勇
王海帆
柳金峰
李新坡
赵曙熙
谢艳芳
刘林
LIU Yang;YOU Yong;WANG Haifan;LIU Jingfeng;LI Xinpo;ZHAO Shuxi;XIE Yanfang;LIU Lin(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes,CAS,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Yunnan Forestry Technological College,Kunming 670224,China;Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre,Jiuquan 732750,China)
出处
《防灾减灾工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期714-723,共10页
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(41661144028)
四川省国土资源厅“8.8”九寨沟地震灾区生态化地质灾害防治重大科技支撑研究课题(KJ-2018-24)
中科院成都山地所十三五项目(SDS-135-1701)资助。
关键词
颗粒流
冲击力
计算模型
运动特性
granular flow
impact force
computational model
motion characteristics
