摘要
海南荔枝果园长期密闭封行,导致果实品质低下,产量降低,果园效益难以提升。荔枝密闭果园通过间伐改造,改善果园整体通风透光环境,继而达到提质保产的目的。本试验以18年生‘妃子笑’园区为试验区域,以密闭园为对照,采用隔株间伐的方式,调查2012—2016年间伐试验区荔枝植株生长量、成花及坐果率、果实品质、单株产量、亩产量以及试验区每亩投入产出情况比较。对比发现,间伐园‘妃子笑’荔枝植株生长量普遍高于密闭园;成花率及坐果率较密闭园分别增加27百分点~37百分点、20百分点~28百分点,果实品质整体得到良好改善,尤以果实表面着色差异明显;平均单株产量第一年增加56.67%,平均单株产量以及亩产量逐年稳定增加,间伐后第三年亩产量与密闭园基本持平,且每亩经济收益远高于密闭园。通过间伐改造荔枝密闭园,提高了荔枝的成花以及坐果率,果实品质明显改善,产量以及果农经济效益切实提升,是值得在海南荔枝密闭果园改造大力推行的有效方法。
The litchi orchards in Hainan Province are dense and enclosed for a long time,which leads to low fruit quality,low yield and poor orchard benefits.The enclosed litchi orchards’ overall ventilation and light transmission environment can be improved through thinning technology,so as to achieve the purpose of improving quality and yield assurance.A survey was conducted on the plant growth,flowering rate,fruit-setting rate,firuit quality,yield per plant,yield per mu and input-output per mu between thinned and un-thinned 18 years old litchis in ’Feizixiao’ Litchi Orchard Zone in Hainan Province from 2012 to 2016.The comparison was continuously tracked from 2012 to 2016 showed that the growth rate of litchis in thinning litchi orchards was generally higher than that in un-thinned litchi orchards,and the flower formation rate and fruit-setting rate increased by 27 to 37 percentage point,20 to 28 percentage point,respectively.The fruit quality was significantly improved in thinning litchi orchards,and especially the coloration difference of fruit surface was obvious.In the first year after thinning,the average yield per plant of thinning orchards increased by 56.67%,and the average yield per plant and per mu increased steadily year by year.In the third year after thinning,the yield per mu was basically the same as that of the un-thinned orchards,and the economic benefit per mu was much higher than that of the un-thinned orchards.By means of thinning technology,the flowering rate and fruitsetting rate of litchis were increased,and the fruit quality,yield and economic benefit of fruit growers were significantly improved.It is an effective method,which is worth carrying out in the enclosed litchi orchard in Hainan Province.
作者
陈哲
胡福初
周文静
周瑞云
吴凤芝
王祥和
CHEN Zhe;HU Fuchu;ZHOU Wenjing;ZHOU Ruiyun;WU Fengzhi;WANG Xianghe(Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province/Haikou Investigation Station of Tropical Fruit Trees,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou 571100,Hainan)
出处
《中国热带农业》
2020年第6期67-72,共6页
China Tropical Agriculture
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2018236)
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2018222)
国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系海口综合试验站项目(CARS-32-26)。
关键词
荔枝
间伐技术
成花率
坐果率
果实品质
经济效益
litchi
thining technology
flowering rate
fruit-setting rate
fruit quality
economic benefit
