摘要
利用孢粉记录追踪过去人类活动历史及其环境效应的研究较少。本文选取青藏高原28处地层化石孢粉序列,采用直接提取和集成方法获得568条具有年代的伴人孢粉(禾本科、石竹科、杨属、十字花科、委陵菜属、车前属、紫菀属、藜科、狼毒属)数据,经标准化处理后建立高原4个分区的人类活动指数。同时结合本区已有研究资料,探讨了中晚全新世以来的人类活动历史。研究表明:(1)Ⅰ区东北区,6.0~5.3 ka B.P.早期人类已开始活动,但低水平的生产方式对植被影响较弱;5.3~4.5 ka B.P.人类活动得到扩展,环境效应开始显现;4.5~3.5 ka B.P.人类活动强度明显增强,加剧了对植被的破坏;3.5~2.0 kaB.P.随着人类活动的进一步加强,导致过度放牧、森林面积减少及风沙活动增强。(2)Ⅱ区东南区,5.0 ka B.P.左右人类活动的环境效应开始显现;4.5~3.5 ka B.P.植被受人为干扰显著;3.5~2.0 ka B.P.人类活动扩张至高海拔地区,对植被影响范围随之扩大;(3)Ⅲ区西南区,5.7~4.5 ka B.P.农业生产活动开始且得到发展,环境效应逐渐凸出;4.5~2.0 ka B.P.人类活动进一步增强,对植被影响亦进一步加剧;(4)Ⅳ区西北无人区,受资料所限并未充分讨论,但已有研究表明,全新世早中期本区已有人类进行狩猎采集活动。
There are few studies on the ancient human activities and its environmental effects by using pollen records.In this paper,we selected 28 stratigraphic fossil sporopollen sequences from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),and obtained 568 dating anthropogenic plant(Poaceae,Caryophyllaceae,Populus,Brassicaceae,Potentilla,Plantago,Aster-type,Chenopodiaceae,stellera)data by direct extraction and integration method.After standardized processing,we established the human activity index for the four regions in the plateau.At the same time,the history of human activities since the middle late Holocene is discussed based on the existing research data in this area.The results showed that:(1)in the northeast part of QTP that denoted as I area,human activities started from 6.0-5.3 ka B.P.,but the low production had little effects on the vegetation;human activities expanded during 5.3-4.5 ka B.P.and the environmental effects began to appear;during 4.5-3.5 ka B.P.,the human activities intensified significantly and exacerbated the destruction of vegetation;during 3.5-2.0 ka B.P.,overgrazing,forest area decrease,and sandstorm appeared frequently as a result of intensified human activities.(2)in the southeast part orⅡarea,the environmental effect of human activities appeared at about 5.0 ka B.P.;the vegetation was significantly disturbed by human activities during 4.5-3.5 ka B.P.;and with the human activities expanded to the high altitude area during 3.5-2.0 ka B.P.,vegetation disturbance extended in areas accordingly;(3)in the southwest part orⅢarea,agricultural activities initiated and developed during 5.7-4.5 ka B.P.,and its environmental effects emerged gradually;the enhanced human activities during 4.5-2.0 ka B.P.further affected the vegetation;(4)in the northwest part orⅣarea where is no mans land,the topic is not fully discussed due to the limited data,but some researches showed that human’s hunting activities has appeared in this area since the Early and Middle Holocene.
作者
陈晓良
侯光良
金孙梅
高靖易
段荣蕾
CHEN Xiaoliang;HOU Guangliang;JIN Sunmei;GAO Jingyi;DUAN Ronglei(School of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xi’ning 810008,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Qinghai Normal University,Xi’ning 810008,China)
出处
《地球与环境》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期643-651,共9页
Earth and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41761018)
青海省地理空间信息技术与应用重点实验室开放课题(QHDX-2019-02)
中国科学院(A类)战略性先导科技专项(XDA2004010101)。
关键词
伴人孢粉
人类活动
中晚全新世
青藏高原
anthropogenic plant
human activities
the Middle and Late Holocene
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
