摘要
研究中国河湖沼系统的时空变化特征及迁移转换趋势,为合理分配和利用水资源、保护生态环境、保障经济健康可持续发展提供依据。将全国划分为长江、黄河、淮河、海河、珠江、松花江、辽河、东南诸河、西南诸河、西北诸河10个研究区,以1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年全国土地利用类型数据为基础,采用ArcGIS空间分析法、转移矩阵等方法研究河湖沼系统水面率;采用皮尔逊相关系数研究5项影响指标(平均气温、年降水量、平均人口密度、GDP及单位面积粮食产量)与河湖沼水面面积的相关关系以定量分析河湖沼系统的变化驱动力。结果表明:(1)河湖沼系统主要分布在我国的东部地区,其中东北地区分布最为广泛,其次是长江区域中下游和西南地区;(2)我国河湖沼系统水面率1990-2010年基本保持在2%左右,2015年显著增加到2.7%,水面率总体上沼泽>湖泊>河流;(3)1990-2015年河湖沼主要与耕地、草地和林地之间发生地类的迁移转换,其中沼泽与草地间的迁移转化趋势更明显;(4)河湖沼系统面积与单位面积粮食产量及GDP相关显著,与平均气温、年降水量相关性较弱,而与人口密度的相关性最弱。人为因素与河湖沼系统变换相关性更显著,是河湖沼系统短期内时空变化的主要原因;自然因素对河湖沼系统时空变化的影响持久且稳定。
Conservation and restoration of the river-lake-marsh system is crucial for maintaining the function of land surface water systems, improving national economic development and ecological protection. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal changes and transition trends of the major river-lake-marsh systems in China from 1990 to 2015, aiming to provide data for the rational allocation and use of water resources, ecological protection and sustainable development of the national economy. Based on national land use data from 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, the nation was divided into ten primary water resource regions: the Yangtze River system, Yellow River system, Huaihe River system, Haihe River system, Pearl River system, Songhua River system, Liaohe River system, rivers in southeast, southwest and northwest China. The surface areas of the river-lake-marsh systems were analyzed using ArcGIS and a transfer matrix was developed. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out to explore the driving forces for changes in the river-lake-marsh systems. Results show that:(1) River-lake-marsh systems are primarily distributed in the eastern part of China, especially the northeast, followed by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southwest.(2) From 1990 to 2010, the overall change in the water surface area of river-lake-marsh systems in China were relatively small(2%), but with a significant increase(2.7%) in 2015. The water surface areas in the systems followed the order swamp>lake>river.(3) From 1990 to 2015, rivers, lakes and marshes were converted primarily to farmland, grassland and woodland. Among them, conversion of swampland to grassland was most obvious.(4) The water surface area of the river-lake-marsh systems correlated significantly with human factors. However, while human factors were the primary reason for short term spatiotemporal changes, natural factors had a more lasting and stable influence on the systems.
作者
余春雪
苏吉凯
郭倩
袁勇
YU Chun-xue;SU Ji-kai;GUO Qian;YUAN Yong(Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering,Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan 523000,P.R.China;School of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guanghzou 510641,P.R.China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,P.R.China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,P.R.)
出处
《水生态学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1-12,共12页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404506)
国家自然基金青年基金项目(51709045)。
关键词
河湖沼系统
水资源
时空变化
驱动力
river-lake-marsh systems
water resources
spatiotemporal changes
driving forces
