摘要
自20世纪90年代以来,以大型公司为资源基础创建的公司型政党,开始作为一种新型政党形态出现在东欧、南欧与拉美等地区,其中有些政党甚至赢得大选上台执政。公司型政党的兴起,是西方社会中经济格局的调整、阶级政治的衰落、金钱选举的凸显与商业大亨的参政意愿等因素综合作用的结果。对现实而言,公司型政党的兴起导致了权力的高度个人化,同时也对政府与市场之间的关系产生了深远影响;对理论而言,公司型政党的兴起挑战了西方的政党理论与民主理论,传统的“国家—社会”关系的二维范式难再适用,须引入“国家—社会—资本”的三维范式,才能更好地分析西方政党的演化逻辑与公司型政党的未来走势。资本力量的不断增强与社会力量的相对衰落,为公司型政党的未来发展提供了潜在空间,但同时也揭示了西方民主面临着难以摆脱的现实困境。
Since the 1990s,firm parties resourced by large companies have come to emerge as a new genre of political party in countries in East and South Europe and Latin America.Some of these parties even took office after winning elections.Their emergence has something to do with a host of factors,including shifting economic landscape,shriveling class politics,a bigger role of capital in elections and willingness of magnate to engage in politics.In reality,the emergence has made power highly centralized to individuals and exerted a far-reaching influence on the relation of government and market;theoretically speaking,Western theories on parties and democracy have been challenged.That means traditional framework of“state-society”which is no longer relevant,has to give way to“state-society-capital”framework.In this vein,we can better predict the evolutionary logic of Western parties and the future of firm parties.The growing role of capital and the relatively weakening role of the society promise to give room for the development of firm parties and on the other hand have laid bare the inevitable predicament that western democracy are facing.
出处
《政治学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期52-64,M0003,共14页
CASS Journal of Political Science
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“党内法规实施效果评估与提升策略研究”(17CZZ006)的研究成果。
关键词
公司型政党
政党组织
政党形态
政党演化
西方民主
firm parties
party organization
the models of parties
the evolution of parties
western democracy
