摘要
关税政策是国家调节经济的重要工具,美国作为世界第一大经济体,其关税政策的演变往往影响着世界贸易格局演变。文章梳理了美国由关税保护主义发展为多边自由贸易主义,演变为新贸易保护主义,转换为极端关税保护主义的背景,发现美国的经济形势、南北方势力、执政党派对关税政策演变具有重要影响,美国一贯以自身利益为根本出发点,采取双重标准制定贸易政策。在经济全球化、自由贸易盛行的今天,美国采取极端关税保护主义措施时,如其他国家可以改变贸易合作伙伴,对美国的极端关税主义进行同等程度的报复,美国采用"复古"的贸易保护主义将很难取得成功。无论是美国制造业的衰退,还是巨额贸易逆差,其原因都应从美国自身寻找,由本国内部的改革而突破,而非通过极端关税给予本国企业竞争优势。对于我国而言,认清美国关税政策的本质目的,坚持制造业转型升级,坚定不移地走开放之路是最佳应对之策。
Tariff policy is an important tool for a country to regulate its economy.As the world’s largest economy,the U.S.often affects global trade pattern with the evolution of its tariff policy.This paper analyzes the evolutions of U.S.tariff policy from tariff protectionism,multilateral free trade,new trade protectionism to extreme tariff protectionism.It concludes that economic situation,the forces behind the north and the south,and the ruling parties of the U.S.all have an important influence on its tariff policy.The U.S.always adopts double standards in formulating its trade policy based on its fundamental interests.In the era of economic globalization and free trade,if other countries change their trade partners or increase tariff to retaliate against the U.S.over extreme tariff protectionism,the U.S.retro trade protectionism may not work.Whether it is a declining manufacturing industry or a huge trade deficit,the U.S.should find the reasons from itself and seek for a breakthrough by internal reform rather than give its domestic enterprises competitive advantage through extreme tariff.China should be fully aware of the fundamental purpose of U.S.tariff policy.The best solution for China is to transform and upgrade its manufacturing industry and unswervingly adhere to opening up.
作者
白彦锋
赵聪
Bai Yanfeng;Zhao Cong
出处
《创新》
2020年第6期1-12,F0002,共13页
Innovation
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“实质性减税降费与经济高质量发展”(19ZDA070)。
关键词
关税政策
保护主义
贸易格局
tariff policy
protectionism
trade pattern
