摘要
白及系浅根性草本植物,对种植环境的依赖程度较高,为有效提高白及药材质量,并解决中药生产与生态环境之间的矛盾,各个产区探索出多种拟境栽培模式。经过实地调研和整理资料,该文梳理了24套白及的生态种植模式,其中包括4种林下仿野生种植技术、10种白及-经济林协同发展模式、14种白及的间套作技术和1种经济林下白及-食用菌的生态轮作技术。结合经济效益、社会效益及生态效益,分别比较了这些种植模式的优缺点,分析白及拟境栽培的生态学原理:(1)白及林下仿野生种植是利用林下土地资源和空间光热资源需求互补原理,开展以药养林、以短养长的复合种植;(2)白及的间套作充分利用2种植物高矮不同,满足它们对光照、湿度和通风的需求,降低遮荫、除草等成本,提高中药材种植的抗风险能力,增加土地利用率,可兼顾长短收益;(3)经济林下"白及-食用菌"的生态轮作技术则是根据白及与食用真菌间的互利互惠关系,实现废菌渣的有效利用。白及拟境栽培技术的推广和优化将进一步促进白及产业的可持续发展。
Bletilla striata is a shallow-rooted herbaceous plant, which is highly dependent on the planting environment.In order to improve the quality of B.striata effectively and solve the contradiction between the production of traditional Chinese medicine and the ecological environment, a variety of simulated cultivation patterns have been explored in various producing areas. Through field investigation and literature collation, this paper sorted out 24 sets of simulated cultivation modes of B.striata, including 4 kinds of sub-forest imitative wild planting techniques, 10 kinds of B.striata-economic forest cooperative development mode, 14 kinds of intercropping techniques of B.striata and 1 kind of ecological rotation technique of B.striata-edible fungi under economic forest. Combining economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, the advantages and disadvantages of these planting patterns were compared. The ecological principles of B.striata simulative cultivation are analyzed in detail, as follows:(1) the wild cultivation of B.striata simulative cultivation under forest is to utilize the complementary principle of land resources under forest and spatial light and heat resources, and carry out the compound cultivation of cultivating forest with medicine and growing with short growth;(2) the intercropping of B.striata makes full use of the difference in height and height of the two plants to meet their needs for light, humidity and ventilation, reduce the cost of shading and weeding, improve the risk-resistant ability of Chinese medicinal materials cultivation, and increase the utilization rate of land, and give consideration to the benefits of both length and length;(3) the ecological rotation technology of "B.striata-edible fungi" in economic forests is to realize the effective utilization of waste bacteria and residues according to the mutually beneficial relationship between B.striata and edible fungi. The promotion and optimization of B.striata imitated wild cultivation technology will further promote th
作者
张进强
周涛
肖承鸿
江维克
郭兰萍
王晓
ZHANG Jin-qiang;ZHOU Tao;XIAO Cheng-hong;JIANG Wei-ke;GUO Lan-ping;WANG Xiao(Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Shandong Analysis and Test Center,Ji'nan 250014,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第20期5042-5047,共6页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1700703)
贵州省高层次新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5638)
贵州省科技创新人才团队计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5611)
贵州省科技厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2018]022)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21)。
关键词
白及
生态种植
仿野生种植
间套作
可持续发展
Bletilla striata
ecological planting
imitation wild planting
relay intercropping
sustainable development
