摘要
以固定训练程序进行练习的组块练习(低情境干预)和以随机训练程序进行练习的随机练习(高情境干预)对运动技能学习有重要的影响。运用元分析方法探讨两种练习方式对不同结局指标、不同学习阶段和不同参与肌肉群运动技能学习效果的影响、机制和启示,旨在丰富运动技能学习理论,为提高组块练习和随机练习在体育教学训练实践运用的有效性提供参考依据。研究表明(1)组块练习和随机练习对不同结局指标、不同练习阶段和不同参与肌肉群的运动技能学习效果不同;(2)从不同结局指标来看,组块练习对动作时间和测量距离类指标的运动技能学习更有效,而随机练习对完成得分和动作速度类效果更佳。(3)从不同学习阶段看,在学习掌握阶段组块练习效果好;在迁移阶段随机练习效果好;而在保持阶段,两种练习方式对不同结局指标运动技能效果各有优势。(4)从不同参与肌肉群的技能看,随机练习对粗大运动技能和精细运动技能学习效果均好于组块练习。
Blocked practice with fixed training procedures(low contextual interference)and random practice with random training procedures(high contextual interference)had important effects on motor skill learning.By the Meta-analysis method,the author analyzed the influence of two practices for motor skill learning of different outcome indicators,various stages and muscle groups.The aims were to enrich the theory of motor skill learning and provided reference for improving the effectiveness of blocked practice and random practice in physical education training practice.The research showed that:(1)the effects of blocked practice and random practice were different from outcome indicators,various stages and participating muscle groups.(2)From the perspective of different outcome indicators,blocked practice was more effective for motor skill learning of movement time and distance measurement indicators,but random practice had better effect on completion score and movement speed.(3)From the perspective of different learning stages,blocked practice was beneficial during acquisition stage and random practice was good for transfer stage and the two practices had their different advantages during the retention stage.(4)From the perspective of participating muscle groups,random practice was better than blocked practice both gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
作者
曲鲁平
郭楠楠
郝梦群
QU Luping;GUO Nannan;HAO Mengqun(Dept. of Sports Training of Tianjin Univ. of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China;Dept. of P.E. of Tianjin Univ. of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China)
出处
《武汉体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第11期73-81,共9页
Journal of Wuhan Sports University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(15CTY010)。
关键词
组块练习
随机练习
运动技能
学习效果
影响机制
元分析
blocked practice
random practice
motor skill
learning effect
influencing mechanism
meta-analysis
