摘要
保罗·德曼是解构主义哲学在文学批评中的重要阐释实践者之一。他首选卢梭的《忏悔录》来进行其解构主义手术实验,并断定,卢梭不是在忏悔而是在为自己的种种“罪”辩解。他就是要透过卢梭的案例来证明他的解构自传话语思想。为此,他在《失去原貌的自传》长篇理论文章中,指出了自传就是披在传主身上的毒衣,因为自传的镜像语言与这外衣相似,是传主灵魂的面纱。也就是说,保罗·德曼与罗兰·巴特一样都在扮演死神的角色并且发布了死亡命令,作者死了,自传死了。但是,当解构主义大行其道,仿佛他们制造的诸多“理论”颇有道理且难以辩驳的时候,一场“传记家的报复”事件发生了,而吊诡的是,正是宣布“自传死亡”的保罗·德曼的自传事件与之缠绕在了一起。也就是说,保罗·德曼所代表的解构主义自传话语,尽管指出了自传叙事中存在的种种问题,但其论证逻辑背后不无缺失了叙事伦理的道德思考。进一步来说,我们应该承认卢梭式自我辩解自传话语模式的伦理价值,而反思德曼式彻底排空自我历史的后现代解构主义自传话语模式的非叙事伦理本质。
Paul de Man is one of the important practitioners of interpreting the deconstructivism in literary criticism.He carried out the deconstructivism experiment with Les Confessions written by Rousseau and concluded that Rousseau was not confessing but defending his"sins".He just wanted to prove his deconstruction autobiographical discourse thought through Rousseau’s case.In his long theoretical essay,Deformed Biography,he pointed out that autobiography is a venomous garment draped on the subject,because the mirror language of autobiography is similar to this garment,which is the veil of the subject’s soul.In other words,Paul de Man,like Roland Barthes,played the role of death and given death orders:the author is dead,the autobiography is dead.However,when the deconstructivism prevailed,as if those"theories"they had produced were reasonable and hard to argue with,an event of"biographer’s revenge"took place.Curiously,it was the autobiography of Paul de Man,who announced the"death of autobiography",that had been entangled with it.In other words,although the deconstructivism autobiographical discourse represented by Paul de Man pointed out various problems in autobiographical narration,the moral reasoning of narrative ethics had been lost behind the logic of argument.Further,we should recognize the ethical value of Rousseau’s defensive autobiographical discourse model,and reflect on Paul de Man’s non-narrative ethical essence of the autobiographical discourse mode of post-modern deconstructivism,which ignores self and history completely.
出处
《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2020年第5期18-26,123,共10页
Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“20世纪西方自传理论的话语模式研究”(项目编号:13BZW018)的阶段性成果。
关键词
保罗·德曼
自传死了
传记家的报复
伦理缺失
Paul de Man
Autobiography Is Dead
Biographer’s Revenge
Ethics Deficiency
