摘要
火灾事故中的人员伤亡与疏散延迟存在紧密联系,预动作时间已被视为建筑消防疏散安全的一项关键因素。采用沉浸式虚拟环境探索了火灾可见性、消防报警语音和个体特征(性别、职业/专业与消防安全培训经验)对火灾情形下地下商业建筑人员消防疏散预动作时间的影响,并对时间分布特征进行了回归分析。结果表明:在地下商业建筑中,不同环境下人员预动作时间分布呈现差异,常用回归模型中,Burr分布和韦布尔分布总体拟合误差较小;火灾可见性对人员预动作时间有显著影响,且在火灾可见的情况下,其他因素影响均不显著;在火灾不可见的情况下,消防报警广播内容、人员性别、职业(专业)对预动作时间均有显著影响,消防安全培训经验对预动作时间没有显著影响。上述发现可用于改善现有地下商业建筑人员疏散评估和相关消防安全政策。
The present paper intends to explore the influence of the fire visibility,the fire alarming broadcast on the fire evacuation promptness of the individual particular features( e. g. the gender,the occupation/difference and the fire safety training experience) in the case of the fire in the underground commercial buildings. And,so,the given paper has adopted a low-cost immersive virtual environment built by the Virtuix Omni and Htc VIVE. Nevertheless,the basic data on the pre-movement time distribution,the characteristic influential measures have been actually extremely limited. In accordance with the above said 2 environmental factors at the 2 levels,we have laid out 4 orthogonal control virtual scenes of the fire evacuation in such buildings.Besides,we have also analyzed the effects of all the above mentioned factors on the pre-movement time and the time distribution features in a regression analysis manner as well as by the method of the hypothetical verification statistics. And,thus,the results of the above research and analyses prove that in the underground commercial buildings,the distribution of the pre-movement time of the people under evacuation can be various in different interior environments. For example,in common regressive models,there may come about minor overall fitting errors in Burr distribution and Weibull distribution. The visibility of the fire may have a significant impact on the pre-movement,whereas the other factors may not have any significant impact in case the fire is visible. However,if the fire is not visible,the fire alarming broadcast,the suffering peoples’ gender and occupation can particularly have an obvious impact on their pre-movement time and behavior,though their fire safety training experience may not be so important. Therefore,in evaluation of such commercial building evacuation,pre-movement time can be of great importance to take into account,including the internal environment design and the features of the building occupants,not just limited to the fire management level.
作者
王大川
周铁军
李欣阳
曾俊
WANG Da-chuan;ZHOU Tie-jun;LI Xin-yang;ZENG Jun(Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area(Chongqing University),Chongqing 400045,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1811-1821,共11页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51678084)
重庆市研究生创新基金项目(CYB14032)。
关键词
安全工程
消防疏散安全
预动作时间
地下商业建筑
消防性能化设计
消防报警广播
safety engineering
fire evacuation safety
premovement time
underground commercial building
fire performance based design
fire alarm broadcast
