摘要
中国消除绝对贫困是对世界发展的重大贡献。绝对贫困问题的解决,离不开精准扶贫方略的施用,但根本上取决于中国特色社会主义制度的功能发挥。(1)制度取向是绝对贫困问题的综合施治与系统解决,是短期纾困与长效赋能、政策兜底与内生脱贫的统一,是普惠支持与精准施策的均衡。(2)制度建构逻辑是政府发挥战略先导作用与市场对发展脱贫渐进起决定作用的耦合互动。中央统领与对口支援、地方能动"三位一体"的举国扶贫体制,从扶贫到脱贫的主体化、内生化发力,从系统变革到微观干预的全方位帮扶,从瞄准到施策、赋能的一体化操作,推动绝对贫困问题的超常规破解。(3)制度效能体现在脱贫退出的高质量、长效性与内生动力上。以中国共产党领导为政治保证的精准扶贫行动扭转了形式主义扶贫趋向,相比其他国家取得了更全面、彻底的脱贫成效。贫困性质正发生新的变化,防疫常态化带来新挑战,消除剩余贫困,提升脱贫质量、管控返贫风险考验中国制度优势的持续性。全面小康时代应积极推动从物质基建、要素输入为主的超常规减贫,转为科技基建、制度供给为主的乡村振兴与相对贫困管控,实现贫困治理现代化。
The elimination of absolute poverty in China is a great contribution to the world socialism and human poverty reduction.The institutional orientations are the comprehensive governance and systematic solution of absolute poverty,the unity of short-term relief and long-term empowerment,the unity of policy support and endogenous poverty alleviation,and the balance of inclusive support and precise policy implementation.The logic of system construction lies on the coupling interaction between the government’s strategic leading and the market’s decisive role in the gradual development and poverty alleviation,so as to build a"Trinity"of poverty alleviation made from central leadership,counterpart support and local initiative.From supporting the poor to shaking off poverty,from system reform to micro intervention,and from targeting to policy implementation and empowerment,the mechanism of precise identification and empowerment has been formed.The effectiveness of the system is reflected in the high quality,long-term and endogenous power of poverty alleviation and exit.The targeted poverty alleviation action with the leadership of the Communist Party of China as the fundamental political guarantee has reversed the trend of formalism poverty alleviation,and has shown a more systematic and thorough poverty alleviation effect than other countries.The nature of poverty is undergoing new changes,and the normalization of epidemic prevention brings new challenges.We should actively promote the transformation from the unconventional poverty reduction based on"material"infrastructure and factor input to the Rural Revitalization and poverty control based on science and technology infrastructure and institution supply,so as to realize the modernization of poverty governance system.
作者
贺立龙
He Lilong(School of Economics,Sichuan University)
出处
《政治经济学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期156-182,共27页
China Review of Political Economy
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“精准扶贫的瞄准机制与施策效率研究”(15CJL057)
国家社科基金重点项目“深度贫困的结构性分布与高质量退出研究”(18AJL013)
国家社科基金重大项目“精准扶贫思想:生成逻辑、内容体系和实践效果研究”(18ZDA035)
国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义基本经济制度与国家治理现代化研究”(项目号:20ZDA014)资助。
关键词
绝对贫困
制度取向
制度建构
制度效能
相对贫困
absolute poverty
institutional orientation
institutional system
institutional efficiency
relative poverty
