摘要
在打赢全面精准扶贫攻坚战后,中国将迎战更加艰巨而又长期复杂的解决相对贫困的难题。基于河南省3278份农户问卷调查数据,以经济相对贫困和多维度相对贫困两种方式测算农户的相对贫困水平,分别检验农业职业技能培训参与和非农就业职业技能培训参与对农户相对贫困的影响,并进行稳健性检验,发现:不论按照哪种相对贫困测算方式,农业职业技能培训参与和非农就业职业技能培训参与均对农户相对贫困有显著负向影响;农业职业技能培训参与对农户经济相对贫困的影响程度更高;非农就业职业技能培训对农户多维度贫困的影响程度比农业职业技能培训更高。可见,面对未来解决中国相对贫困问题,要充分发挥培训作用,按照发展式扶贫要求,以提高自我发展能力为目标,根据农户需求合理选择农村劳动力农业职业技能和非农就业职业技能培训内容;进一步完善政府、企业、集体以及个人共同参与的培训体系;不断优化农村劳动力转移就业环境,激励劳动者通过“干中学”提升人力资本,丰富社会资本,增加收入水平,带动家庭脱贫。
After winning the comprehensive and precise poverty alleviation battle,China will face a more difficult and longterm complex solution to the problem of relative poverty. Based on the survey data of 3 278 rural household questionnaires in Henan province,the relative poverty levels of rural households are measured in two ways,economic relative poverty and multidimensional relative poverty,testing the impact of agricultural vocational skill training participation and non-agricultural vocational skill training participation on the relative poverty of farmers,and conducting a robustness test. The results show that no matter which relative poverty measurement method is used,agricultural vocational skill training participation and non-agricultural vocational skill training participation both have a significant negative impact on the relative poverty of farmers. Participation in agricultural vocational skill training has a higher impact on the economic relative poverty of rural households,while participation in non-agricultural vocational skill training has a higher impact on the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households. It can be seen from the results that in the face of the important task of solving China’ s relative poverty in the future,we must give full play to the role of training,and choose proper training content for farmers by their needs,in accordance with the requirements of developmental poverty alleviation and with the goal of improving self-development capability. Furthermore,it is necessary to improve the training system involving government,enterprises,communities and individuals,constantly optimize the environment of rural labor transfer employment,and motivate workers to"learn by doing",so as to enhance their human capital,enrich their social capital,raise their income levels and drive their families out of poverty.
作者
罗明忠
唐超
吴小立
LUO Ming-zhong;TANG Chao;WU Xiao-li
出处
《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期43-56,189,190,共16页
Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“农地确权模式对劳动力转移就业效应研究”(17AJL013)
广东省软科学项目“广东新型职业农民培育的科技和人才支持政策研究”(2019A101002115)
广州市社科基金一般项目“主体培育、就业促进与广州解决相对贫困长效机制研究”(2020GZYB34)。
关键词
培训参与
相对贫困
自我发展能力
农户
training participation
relative poverty
self⁃development capacity
rural households
