摘要
我国竹资源丰富,竹子栽培和竹材利用的历史悠久,素有"竹子王国"之誉。竹材在物理特性、景观特性、生态特性、文化特性方面有诸多优点,但是也存在力学性能差异大、易开裂、防火、防腐防虫、耐候性差、连接等问题。循着历史的脉络,结合国内外工程案例,作者系统介绍了原生竹材在岩土工程、道路工程、水利工程、桥梁工程、建筑工程等领域的应用情况。将工程竹材的发展过程划分为技术萌发与产品初创期、技术深入开发与产品丰富期、大面积推广及加工技术成熟期、蓬勃发展期等4个主要阶段,系统介绍了各个阶段工程竹材的发展概况及特点。根据原材料和加工工艺特点,选取竹集成材、竹重组材、竹编胶合材、竹缠绕复合材、竹碎料型材、竹塑复合材、竹木复合材、竹秸秆复合材等8种主要工程生物质复合材料进行了详细介绍,列举了相关工程应用案例,并指出完善竹结构相关标准体系迫在眉睫。在介绍国家相关政策的基础上,对竹材未来的工程应用及发展进行了展望。
Bamboo is a versatile material and has advantages of short growth cycle,high-yield,renewable,abundant resource in the planet.China is rich in bamboo resources,and has a long history of bamboo cultivation and utilization.Thus,China is known as the kingdom of bamboo reputation.Bamboo also has good physical and mechanical properties,as well as ecological and cultural characteristics.Due to many outstanding features,bamboo has attracted more and more attentions on being utilized in many areas of the common life.However it also has some drawbacks,such as various mechanical properties in different fiber directions,easy to crack,poor fire resistance,anti-corrosion,insectproof,and weatherproof.Based on the historical context,combined with many photos or schematic diagrams of engineering cases at domestic and international markets,the applications of original bamboo in geotechnical engineering,road engineering,hydraulic engineering,construction components,bridge engineering,bamboo building and other fields are introduced systematically in this study.There are about one billion people who are living in the bamboo building in the world.The development of engineering bamboo materials could be divided into five main stages,which are technology germination and product initiation stage,technology in-depth development and product enrichment stage,large area promotion and processing technology maturity stage and boom stage.The development situation and characteristics of each stages are introduced systematically.According to the characteristics of raw materials and manufacturing technology,eight main engineering bio-composite materials,which are laminated bamboo lumber,parallel bamboo strand lumber(bamboo scrimber),GluBam,bamboo twined composite material,bamboo chip composite material,bamboo plastic composite material,bamboo wood composite material,and bamboo straw composite material,are selected and introduced in detail.A large number of engineering application cases are presented.It is urgent to set up the standards system to p
作者
李海涛
宣一伟
许斌
李淑恒
LI Haitao;XUAN Yiwei;XU Bin;LI Shuheng(College of Civil Engineering,International Collaborative Lab for Bio-composite Building Materials and Structures,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期1-10,共10页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51878354)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20181402)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。
关键词
原竹材
工程竹材
土木工程
力学性能
original bamboo
engineered bamboo
civil engineering
mechanical properties
