摘要
随着新型电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车的批量生产,镍的需求将出现激增态势。湿法冶金技术在处理低品位、复杂难选的硫化镍矿或火法冶炼镍中间产品等资源方面具有优势。文中对氨体系加压浸出、酸体系加压浸出、氯化浸出、常压浸出及生物浸出工艺分别从原料特性、工艺特征、过程化学、工业实践、研究现状等角度进行了分析。高镍锍酸体系加压浸出工艺在镍湿法冶炼中占有重要地位,工艺较为成熟,应用也越来越广;氨体系加压浸出工艺在工艺方面仍有进步空间;含镍硫化物常压浸出和生物浸出工艺技术是未来的研究方向,但尚处于起步阶段。实际生产中,需要结合含镍硫化物资源特点、工艺适用性、市场产品需求等因素,因地制宜发展湿法冶炼提镍工艺。
With the mass production of new electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles,the demand for nickel will see a substantial growth.Hydrometallurgical technology has advantages in processing low-grade,complex and benefication-difficult nickel sulfide ore or nickel pyrometallurgical intermediate products.In this paper,the ammonium system pressure leaching,acid system pressure leaching,chlorination leaching,atmosphere leaching and bioleaching processes are analyzed from the perspectives of raw material characteristics,process characteristics,process chemistry,industrial practice,and research status.The high nickel sulphonium acid system pressure leaching process occupies an important position in nickel hydrometallurgy,the process is relatively mature,and the application is more and more widely;the ammonium system pressure leaching process still has room for improvement;nickel-containing sulfide atmospheric pressure and bioleaching is the future research direction,but it is still in its infancy.In actual production,it is necessary to develop the nickel extraction process by hydrometallurgy considering the characteristics of nickel-containing sulfide resources,process applicability,market product demand and other factors.
作者
李勇
丁剑
林洁媛
刘苏宁
李诺
孙宁磊
LI Yong;DING Jian;LIN Jie-yuan;LIU Su-ning;LI Nuo;SUN Ning-lei
出处
《中国有色冶金》
CAS
2020年第5期9-15,共7页
China Nonferrous Metallurgy
关键词
硫化镍
含镍硫化物
湿法冶金
氨体系加压浸出
酸体系加压浸出
氯化浸出
常压浸出
生物浸出
nickel sulfide
nickel-containing sulfide
hydrometallurgy
ammonium system pressure leaching
acid system pressure leaching
chlorination leaching
atmosphere leaching
bioleaching
