摘要
近年来,原材料价格不断上涨给工业企业带来了较大的成本压力。研究进口质量、工业购进成本与全要素生产率之间的关系,对于协同推进工业“降成本”与供给体系质量提升有着重要的现实意义。本文基于包含中间品投入的生产函数,推导出高质量进口通过影响工业购进成本进而引起全要素生产率变化的理论机制,并利用中国进口的地区—跨国数据做了实证检验。结果显示:进口品蕴含的技术属性对工业购进成本的效应为正,工业购进成本对工业TFP的效应为正;进口品技术属性提升导致工业购进成本上涨的现象主要发生在自主创新能力较强、出口依存度较高、市场化和信息化表现较优的地区;购进成本上升对工业TFP的提升效应在自主创新能力较强的地区更强烈。上述结果表明,过去一段时期中国进口品技术属性提升并未起到“成本节约效应”,反而增加了工业购进成本。尽管这种成本负担在一定程度上有助于倒逼企业加大研发力度和优化要素配置,但也反映出进口品技术属性沿着国内供应链扩散的机制不畅等问题,这意味着一旦进口品技术属性的溢出口径收窄,工业部门可能不得不面对成本上涨压力,同时难以获得充足的创新驱动力。新时代推动工业供给体系质量提升,应当加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,以扩大优质进口带动国内供应链优化升级,避免高技术产品进口受阻导致企业成本骤升。
In recent years,the rising prices of raw materials have put greater cost pressure on China’s industrial enterprises.It is of great practical significance studying the relationship between import quality,industrial purchase costs and total factor productivity(TFP)for the collaborative promotion of industrial“cost reduction”and the improvement of the quality of the supply system.This paper derives the theoretical mechanism of how high-quality import induces the change of TFP through industrial purchase cost,based on production function that includes intermediate input,and runs an empirical test by using the regional-transnational data of China’s import.The results show that the technical attributes contained in imports has a positive effect on industrial purchase cost,and industrial purchase cost has a positive effect on TFP.The phenomenon that the increase in the technical attributes of imports raises industrial purchase cost mainly occurs in the regions with stronger independent innovation capability,higher export dependence and better performance in marketization and informatization.The increasing effect of purchase cost on industrial TFP is stronger in regions with better independent innovation capability.The above results indicate that,in the past period,the upgrading of the technical attributes of China’s imports could not play a“cost saving effect”,but increased the industrial purchase cost.Although this cost burden has successfully forced enterprises to increase R&D efforts and optimize factor allocation,it also reflects the problem that the diffusion mechanism of technical attributes of imports along the domestic supply chain is not smooth.Once the spillover caliber of technical attributes of imports narrows,the industrial sector may not only face the pressure of rising costs,but also the difficulty of obtaining sufficient innovation driving force.To promote the quality improvement of the industrial supply system in the new era,China should speed up the formation of a new development pattern
作者
刘航
杨丹辉
LIU Hang;YANG Dan-hui(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an710061,China;Institute of Industrial Economics CASS,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期24-42,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“有偏技术进步下产能利用不足发生机制研究”(批准号71503198)
西安交通大学基本科研业务费(人文社会科学类)专项科研项目“进口来源国TPU对中国进口技术正外部性的影响机制研究”(批准号SK2020042)
中国社会科学院登峰战略优势学科(产业经济学)项目的资助。
关键词
工业降成本
高质量进口
进口技术正外部性
国内国际双循环
industrial cut costs
high-quality imports
positive technological externality of import
domestic and international double cycle
