摘要
北京话和成都话各有一批和“意外”范畴密切相关的语气词,在预期性、句类、行为、确定性、求答性、言谈对象、情感、情绪、立场9个维度上设置了27个特征对其进行分析,运用“赢多输少”算法生成特征语义地图,再进行聚类和最大关联挖掘,从而在语义地图基础上分析出两者的类型差异:北京话的意外类语气词以“啊”最为常用而一家独大,预期性更多向着反对和非预期发展,核心功能也从强意外引发的反问感叹转为反对更多的直陈感叹和强要求,在中性直陈感叹中趋向完句功能,并有较多注意/下文功能,意外引发的询问较少;成都话的意外类语气词则各有分工而整体上集中于意外,以反问感叹为核心,直陈感叹、强要求、注意/下文功能相对少得多,询问功能相对多,在中性询问中趋向完句功能。
There are several mood particles which are related to mirativity in Beijing and Chengdu dialect.In order to analyze their typological differences,“winner-more-loser-less”algorithm was used to generate a semantic map based on 27 features of 9 dimensions(expectation,sentence types,speech acts,certainty,inquiry,objects,feelings,emotion,and stance).For the mirativity-mood particles of Beijing dialect:“啊/a/”is the most widely used one and has established supremacy above others.There are more oppositions and non-expectations.The core function is interjective-by-indicative and(strong)demand caused by opposition other than interjective-by-rhetorical-question caused by mirativity.The functions of sentence-completion have their origins in the indicative in most cases.There are more interpersonal and discourse functions and fewer inquiries.For those of Chengdu dialect,each of the particles performs its own functions.They are much more focused on the mirativity.The core function is interjectiveby-rhetorical-question.There are fewer indicative,strong demand,interpersonal and discourse functions but more inquiries.Besides,the functions of sentence-completion are mostly evolved from inquiries.
作者
陈振宁
陈振宇
CHEN Zhenning;CHEN Zhenyu(School of Humanities,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《常熟理工学院学报》
2020年第6期52-68,共17页
Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“言语行为的逻辑——汉语语义和语用接口研究”(19FYYB032)。
关键词
语气词
预期性
多维特征
语言类型
语义地图
mood particles
expectation
multi-features
linguistic typology
semantic map
