摘要
河边扶贫实验是在脱贫攻坚战中采用现代化方式扶贫的一个具体案例,其整体框架是通过在河边村植入一个现代的新业态,从而提升村民的收入水平,摆脱依赖低收入传统农业的生计结构,并最终帮助村民走出贫困陷阱。河边扶贫实验的结果初步显示,一旦采用现代福利的标准,脱贫就会具有很强的现代性路径依赖。河边扶贫实验对村庄物化改造和对村民收入提升的成效是显著的,现代化路径的扶贫也是有效的,但是,由于乡村传统的物质基础和社会关系系统本身很难支撑现代产业的发展,该扶贫实验又面临可持续性的挑战。与此同时,河边村村民在“去农化”生计遭遇挑战以后所采取的生计“再农化”,有力地展示了小农的生存韧性。河边扶贫实验遭遇到的恰恰是小农在现有条件下解决乡村贫困问题所长期面临的困惑,这也正是中国特殊的国情赋予乡村扶贫的现实意义。
The Hebian Village poverty alleviation experiment is a specific case of using methods of modernization to help the poor in the fight against poverty.Its overall framework is to implant a modern new form of business in the Hebian village to increase the income level of the villagers,release them from dependence on the traditional low-income agriculture,and ultimately bring them out of the poverty trap.The initial results of the Hebian experiment show that once the modern welfare standards are adopted,poverty alleviation will have a strong path dependence on modernity.The Hebian experiment is notable for bringing about a face-lift to the village and a drastic increase tothe villagers’income.The modernization path is also effective for poverty alleviation.However,it’s very difficult for the traditional material foundation and the social relationship of the village to support the development of modern industries,the poverty alleviation experiment also faces the challenge of sustainability.At the same time,the fact that the villagers picked up agriculture again after their livelihoods were severely challenged by the“de-agriculturalization”strategy strongly demonstrates the survival resilience of small farming.What the Hebian experiment has encountered is precisely the long-term predicament that smallholders have to face in the process of poverty reduction under current conditions.This also illustrates the practical meaning that China's special national conditions have brought to its rural poverty alleviation.
作者
李小云
Li Xiaoyun(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agriculture University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期28-44,5,6,共19页
Open Times
基金
云南省科技人才和平台计划“云南省李小云专家工作站”(项目编号:2019IC011)的资助。
关键词
扶贫
河边实验
小农
poverty alleviation
Hebian experiment
smallholders
