摘要
为探究秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对宁夏扬黄灌区土壤改良和玉米增产的效应,在秸秆还田条件下施用3种不同腐熟剂[生物秸秆速腐剂(SR+BS)、EM菌秸秆腐熟剂(SR+RJ)、有机废物发酵菌曲(SR+OW)],以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂处理为对照(CK),研究其对秸秆生物失重率、砂性土壤理化性状和滴灌玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,3种腐熟剂均能有效促进玉米秸秆腐解,其中SR+RJ的秸秆腐解程度最佳,翻埋130 d后其秸秆生物失重率为49.9%,SR+OW和SR+BS次之,3种处理分别较CK显著提高7.1、5.7、5.2个百分点。SR+RJ对改善0~40 cm土层土壤容重效果最佳,较CK显著降低4.2%,同时显著提高了耕层土壤有机质和速效养分含量及生育中后期土壤贮水量,SR+OW和SR+BS次之。施用秸秆腐熟剂能明显促进玉米生育中后期植株生长,其中SR+RJ最佳。SR+RJ和SR+OW对玉米增产增收效果最明显,分别较CK显著增产26.9%、23.4%,显著增收28.8%、23.4%。可见,秸秆还田配施腐熟剂可有效促进玉米秸秆腐解,改善土壤理化性质,促进玉米生长发育,显著提高作物产量与经济效益,以EM菌秸秆腐熟剂效果最佳。本研究为宁夏扬黄灌区还田后促进秸秆腐熟和砂性土壤培肥及玉米高产提供了技术参考。
In order to explore the effect of straw returning combined with decomposition agents on soil improvement and maize yield increase in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia, taking the treatment of straw returning with no decomposition agent as the control(CK), a field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of three different decomposition agents [rapid decay agent for biological straw(SR+BS), straw decomposition agent for EM bacteria(SR+RJ), and organic waste fermentation starter(SR+OW)] under the condition of straw returning on biomass weight loss rate, physicochemical properties of sandy soil, growth and yield of maize. The results showed that all the decomposition agents could effectively promote the maize straw decomposition, and the SR+RJ treatment showed the best effect on the maize straw-decomposition. The weightlessness rate of maize straw with SR+RJ was over 49.9% after burying 130 d, followed by the SR+OW and SR+BS, significantly increased by 7.1, 5.7, 5.2 percentage point, respectively, comparing with CK. The SR+RJ had the best effect on improving soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer, and the treatment was significantly decreased by 4.2% when compared with CK. Meanwhile, the contents of organic matter and available nutrients(0-40 cm) and the soil water storage capacity(0-100 cm) with SR+RJ in the middle and later growth stages of maize were significantly improved, followed by the SR+OW and SR+BS. The application of straw-decomposition agent could obviously promote the plant growing in the middle and late growth stage of maize, and the SR+RJ was the most significant. SR+RJ and SR+OW had the most obvious effect on increasing maize yield and income. Compared with CK, the maize yield and income with SR+RJ and SR+OW was significantly increased by 26.9%, 23.4%, and 28.8%, 23.4%, respectively. Therefore, straw returning combined with decomposition agent could effectively promote the decomposition of maize straw, improve the soil physical and chemical properties, promote the maize growth and development,
作者
勉有明
李荣
侯贤清
李培富
王西娜
MIAN Youming;LI Rong;HOU Xianqing;LI Peifu;WANG Xi'na(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期2343-2351,共9页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B05-03)
宁夏青年科技人才托举工程(科协发组字[2017]76号)
国家自然科学基金项目(31760370、31860362)。
关键词
秸秆还田
腐熟剂
秸秆生物失重率
砂性土壤性质
滴灌玉米生长
straw returning
decomposition agent
biomass weight loss rate of stalk
sandy soil property
maize growth under drip irrigation
