摘要
有三种财产理论引领拉丁美洲的现代化实践:一是财产神圣不可侵犯的理论,二是财产国有化理论,三是财产社会化理论。前两者均有不同程度的弊害,后者在拉美则相对成功。财产社会化理论的集大成者非狄骥莫属,但事实上最早提出该理论的学者是海姆。该学说虽然最早在欧洲提出,但最先将其变为现实、实现入宪入法的是拉美的墨西哥。虽然墨西哥是财产社会化的最早践行者,但发展这一理论的却是巴西。它萌芽于1916年巴西民法制定时期,确立于1934年宪法,发展于1988年宪法,落实于2002年巴西新民法典的具体条款之中。财产社会化理论从法国传到拉美,从外部限制发展到内部限制,并最终拓展到生态环境和劳动关系领域,留下了一条财产权发展的清晰轨迹。
In the field of property rights,Latin America's modernization process has been broadly influenced by three theories:privatization,nationalization and socialization.At the beginning of their independence,Latin American countries completely transplanted Western political systems and accepted an absolutely liberal view of property rights,exacerbating social problems such as uneven land distribution and social polarization of rich and the poor in the region.The theory of socialization of property rights insists on the concept of absolutely inviolable property rights restricted by social interests and the social obligations of property ownership.The idea of socializing property rights owes much to the French legal scholar Duguit,expounded through his theoretical system of the social function of property rights.Influenced by positivism and legal sociology,Duguit's theory was also inspired by scholars such as Hauriou and Hayem.Pre-empting the German Weimar Constitution of 1919,Mexico had written the social rights clause into the constitution of 1917 to protect the interests of workers and farmers.The socialization of property is a product of historical developments in Mexico,and its purpose was to redistribute land to solve the phenomenon of land concentration.Enduring authoritarian rule and the latifundia system intensified contradictions in Mexican society,leading to the outbreak of Revolution of 1910,objectively promoting the emergence of socialized concept of property.The shared-land tradition of Mexican Indians also weakened the region's recognition of the idea of absolute property rights.In 1911,Duguit gave six lectures at the law school of the University of Buenos Aires,Argentina,systematically proposing his theory of the social function of property rights.After the 1920s and 1930s,his theory gradually influenced the practice of Latin American property socialization.For example,the Chilean Constitution of 1925 and the Colombian Constitution of 1936 emphasized that the law could restrict private property based on
作者
夏立安
周晓帆
Xia Li'an;Zhou Xiaofan(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Zhejiang 310008,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期189-202,共14页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目。
关键词
财产权
财产社会化
社会功能
拉美
property rights
property socialization
social function
Latin America
