摘要
专利无效制度提供授权专利的二次确权。无论专利是否涉及侵权诉讼,只要利益相关主体提供了新的证据,专利无效审查机构均会对相关权利要求进行重新检查。基于成本效用的经济学视角,专利无效制度是对错误授权的有效的纠错机制,服务于专利制度以及授权专利整体质量的提升。与欧美等国家相比,中国专利无效制度使用率整体偏低,大部分存在争议的专利并没有进行无效纠错,依然存在于专利市场上,可能对后续创新研发产生阻碍,造成司法资源的浪费。对此,我国应提升现行无效审查部门与授权审查流程的沟通与协同,强化无效制度的纠错功能。特别是在当下专利无效制度“双轨制”的争议下,更加明确法院与行政部门无效审查制度设计的差异及影响,强化专利审查机构无效流程短周期、低成本、强技术的制度优势,避免大量专利确权纠纷涌入司法体系。与之同时,应进一步探讨异议程序等多类型行政无效流程设置,实现无效请求繁简分流,缓解无效审查的业务压力,更好满足新技术发展特征及多类型利益主体的制度诉求。
The patent invalidation system provide reexamination on granted patents,whether or not the patent has any infringement disputes,any interest party could file an invalidation request if it has sufficient evidence,examiners in the invalidation office will conduct reexamination and correct the wrongly grant decision.Base on the cost-benefit analysis,invalidation procedure is an efficient mechanism to correct the wrongly grant,as well as the improvement of the quality of general patent,incentive function of the patent system on innovation.This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation and comparative analysis on the operation designs,cost and efficiency of the China’s patent invalidation system,and finds that the overall invalidation rate in China is relatively low compared to opposition procedure in EPO or corresponding system in USPTO,many patents with potential disputes have not been corrected through the invalidation system,which may hinder the following innovation,as well as weaken judicial system.In this regard,this paper proposes the following reform paths:improve the coordination between the current administrative invalidation procedure in CNIPA and the infringement procedure in the judicial system,and strengthen the use of invalidation system to revoke wrongly patent grant;clarify the differences of the system designs and functions between the administration and judicial institution,strengthen the institutional advantages of administrative invalidation on the cost and examination quality,and reduce the risk of patent system reform;explore the possibility of adding new invalidation routines,such like opposition in the EPO,to adopt the quickly change and development of certain technology and relevant patent disputes.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期51-63,共13页
Intellectual Property
关键词
专利无效
专利确权
专利侵权
高价值专利
成本理论
patent invalidation
patent confirmation
patent infringement
high valued patent
theory of cost
