摘要
我国已成功实施了221厂退役、微堆退役、小型压水堆及其辅助设施退役等多项退役治理工作,部分早期建设的研究堆等也已处于退役状态。随着核能技术的快速发展,在当前和今后的相当长时期,我国可能面临日益增多的核设施退役活动,如秦山核电厂和大亚湾核电厂等。我国当前的核安全监管法规标准体系中,多数文件是在参考国际原子能机构和美国核管理委员会相关文件后,结合国内实际制定的。本文主要调研了我国核安全监管的法律法规、核安全监管的主要职责以及监管的主要方式。在此基础上,本文筛选了上述文件中关于我国核动力厂退役阶段安全监督管理相关的法律法规,分析了我国核电厂退役安全监管机构,该机构主要包括国家核安全局、核电厂主管部门以及核电厂营运单位,并给出了各部门的主要职责,提出了适用于我国核电厂退役安全监管的主要方式。本文所得结论属于核电厂退役预先研究内容,可为我国核电厂退役安全监管体系的建立提供参考和依据。
China has successfully implemented the decommissioning of 221 plants,micro reactor,small PWR and its auxiliary facilities,and some of the research reactors built in the early stage have also been decommis⁃sioned.With the rapid development of nuclear technology,China may face more and more decommissioning ac⁃tivities of nuclear facilities,such as Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant and Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant.In our current regulatory system of nuclear safety,most of the documents are formulated by referring to the relevant documents of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission in combi⁃nation with domestic practice.This paper mainly investigates the laws and regulations of China's nuclear safety supervision,the main responsibilities of nuclear safety supervision and the main ways of supervision.On this basis,the relevant laws and regulations on the decommissioning safety supervision of nuclear power plants in China are sorted out.It is clear that the institutions of decommissioning safety supervision of nuclear power plants in China mainly include the national nuclear safety administration,the competent departments of nucle⁃ar power plants and the operating units of nuclear power plants.The main responsibilities of each department are given,and the main methods applicable to the decommissioning safety supervision of nuclear power plants in China are proposed.The conclusion of this paper belongs to the pre research content of nuclear power plant decommissioning,which can provide reference and basis for the establishment of safety supervision system of nuclear power plant decommissioning in China.
作者
滕磊
王帅
彭婧
Teng Lei;Wang Shuai;Peng Jing(Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213,China;Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning and Radwaste Management,Chengdu 610213,China)
出处
《核安全》
2020年第5期11-15,共5页
Nuclear Safety
关键词
核电厂
退役
核安全
监管
nuclear power plant
decommissioning
nuclear safety
supervision
