摘要
研究水力压裂支撑剂在井筒和压裂裂缝中的分流、运移和展布规律,可以为压裂工艺和压裂材料优选、压裂施工参数优化提供理论支撑,进而提升压裂改造效果。为此,通过调研分析大量的室内实验、数值模拟和理论分析研究成果,归纳了室内试验与数值模拟方法各自的优缺点,总结了支撑剂在井筒和压裂裂缝中的运移和展布特征。研究结果表明:①室内实验能直观地观测和分析支撑剂在井筒和压裂裂缝中的分流、运移与展布特征,是研究支撑剂在井筒和压裂裂缝中运移与展布特征的重要手段,但现有的实验仪器还有改进和完善的空间;②基于计算流体动力学的数值模拟技术是研究压裂支撑剂运移与展布规律的有效补充,其中计算流体动力学—颗粒元(CFD-DEM)法能够更真实地模拟支撑剂运移情况,是未来研究支撑剂运移与展布特征的重要方法之一;③对于单簇射孔,支撑剂更容易进入水平井筒下方射孔孔眼沟通的压裂裂缝;④对于分簇射孔,支撑剂更容易进入射孔相位角和方位角最优的裂缝,并且在压裂液黏度较低时,支撑剂容易进入跟端射孔簇,而压裂液黏度和注入排量增大能够大幅度降低射孔簇间支撑剂分流差异性;⑤对于单一平面裂缝,压裂液黏度、支撑剂粒径与密度、施工排量及裂缝参数是影响支撑剂运移与展布特征的重要因素;⑥较之于单一平面裂缝,复杂压裂裂缝的形态和次级裂缝角度对支撑剂运移与展布的影响更加复杂,需要开展针对性研究。
Researching the diversion,migration and distribution laws of proppants in wellbores and fracturing fractures can provide theoretical support for the selection of fracturing technologies and fracturing materials and the optimization of fracturing construction parameters,so as to improve the stimulation effect of hydraulic fracturing.By investigating and analyzing a large number of research findings of laboratory experiment,numerical simulation and theoretical analysis,this paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages of laboratory experiments and numerical simulation methods and the migration and distribution characteristics of proppants in wellbores and fracturing fractures.And the following research results were obtained.First,laboratory experiments can provide intuitive observation and analysis on the diversion,migration and distribution characteristics of proppants in wellbores and hydraulic fractures and it is an important means to study the migration and distribution characteristics of proppants in wellbores and hydraulic fractures.However,existing experimental instruments need further improvement and modification.Second,the numerical simulation technology based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is an effective supplement to study the migration and distribution laws of proppants.And the computational fluid dynamics coupled with discrete element method(CFD–DEM)can simulate proppant migration more truly,and it is one of the important methods to study proppant migration and distribution characteristics in the future.Third,for single-cluster perforation,proppants are more likely to enter the fracturing fractures connected by the perforations below horizontal wellbores.Fourth,for clustering perforation,proppants are more likely to enter the fractures with the optimal perforation phase angle and azimuth angle.What's more,proppants tend to enter the heel perforation cluster when the viscosity of fracturing fluid is lower.And the increase of fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate can result in great
作者
潘林华
王海波
贺甲元
李凤霞
周彤
李小龙
PAN Linhua;WANG Haibo;HE Jiayuan;LI Fengxia;ZHOU Tong;LI Xiaolong(Sinopec Exploration&Production Research Institute,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《天然气工业》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期54-65,共12页
Natural Gas Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“页岩水平井‘多段分簇’压裂支撑剂分流与展布机理研究”(编号:51604050)、中国博士后科学基金项目“盐间页岩油体积压裂支撑剂展布规律及改造效果评价研究”(编号:2019M660936)。
关键词
水力压裂
水平井
支撑剂
运移与展布
室内试验
数值模拟
实验仪器
Hydraulic fracturing
Horizontal well
Proppant
Migration and distribution
Laboratory experiment
Numerical simulation
Experimental instrument
