摘要
长寿性状是奶牛育种中最重要的功能性状之一,除产量性状之外,长寿性状具有最大的经济价值。由于遗传力低、数据分布特殊和性状表现晚等特点,长寿性状也是选育难度最大的性状之一。自上世纪50年代起,长寿性状就进入了各国奶牛育种家的视野,针对长寿性状的研究持续进行;上世纪90年代后,各奶业发达国家陆续将长寿性状纳入其奶牛综合选择指数。目前,我国奶牛综合选择指数(CPI)中尚不包含长寿性状,对长寿性状的研究也处于起步阶段。文章通过整理分析奶牛长寿性状的有关研究,从性状定义、遗传评估方法、与其他性状的关系、遗传标记、性状选育策略等方面系统介绍了长寿性状的研究和选育情况。通过汇总有关长寿性状与其他性状遗传相关的研究,阐述了长寿性状与其他性状之间的复杂关系;通过收集各国奶牛选育方案中的相关信息,重点介绍了各主要奶业发达国家对长寿性状的选育策略。此外,本文还通过收集在我国奶牛群体中针对长寿性状开展的研究,概述了奶牛长寿性状在我国的研究现状。长寿性状有许多不同的定义,可使用不同的模型对其进行遗传评估,包括线性模型、阈模型、生存分析模型和随机回归模型等。长寿性状与产量、体型、繁殖、健康和管理类性状等存在低到中等的遗传相关,线性体型性状中,与泌乳系统有关的体型性状与长寿性状的遗传相关较高;繁殖和健康性状表现更好的奶牛,其长寿性状通常表现更好;长寿性状与其他性状之间的遗传关系受牛群选育方向的影响较大,在不同群体中,长寿性状与同一性状的遗传相关不尽相同。奶业发达国家的奶牛综合选择指数中均包含长寿性状,这些国家除了使用直接长寿进行选择之外,部分国家还同时采用间接选择的方法对长寿性状进行选育,常用于间接选择长寿性的其他性状主�
Longevity is an important functional trait in dairy cattle. In addition to yield traits, longevity is more economically important than other traits in dairy breeding. The characteristics of longevity include low heritability, unfollowing normal distribution and performance later, hence longevity is the most difficult trait to select in dairy breeding. Since the 1950 s, dairy breeders have begun to pay attention to longevity traits. Now, researches on longevity traits have continued. After the 1990 s, longevity has been included in total selection index in many countries. However, longevity traits currently are not included in China Dairy Performance Index(CPI), and the study on longevity traits is also in its infancy in China. This review presented the trait definitions, methods of genetic evaluation, relationships between other traits, genetic makers, and selection strategies on longevity traits to systematically introduce its research and application in dairy industry. The complex relationships between longevity and other traits were described by summarizing the genetic correlation coefficients reported by many studies. The selection strategies for longevity traits in the various countries with developed dairy industry were highlighted by summarizing information collected from their dairy breeding program. Furthermore, this review also summarized the studies on longevity traits in dairy cattle in China. Longevity traits had various definitions, and there were various models used to preform genetic analysis, including linear model, threshold model, survival model and random regression model. There were low to moderate genetic correlations between longevity and other traits, including yield, linear type, fertility, health and workability traits, in which the higher genetic correlations were found between longevity and linear type traits in udder system. Generally, dairy cows with better performance on fertility and health traits were better on longevity. Among different populations, there were some differences on
作者
张海亮
刘澳星
米思远
李想
罗汉鹏
鄢新义
王雅春
ZHANG HaiLiang;LIU AoXing;MI SiYuan;LI Xiang;LUO HanPeng;YAN XinYi;WANG YaChun(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第19期4070-4082,共13页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-36)
长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)
现代农业产业技术体系北京市奶牛创新团队(BAIC06-2019)
研究生国际化培养提升项目(31051521)。
关键词
奶牛
长寿性
遗传评估
遗传相关
遗传标记
遗传选育
longevity
genetic evaluation
genetic correlation
genetic maker
genetic selection
dairy cattle
