摘要
西方国家对匈牙利“非自由的民主”批评过于片面,忽略了已有制度为政治和经济组织提供的激励以及这些组织对制度的影响。转轨后匈牙利的政治制度为政治组织提供了进一步维持集中化的激励。经济制度则给组织带来了推动制度变迁的激励。最终政治制度和经济制度逐渐相互促进和兼容,形成了稳定的制度体系。由特定政治和经济组织组成的联盟则从这一体系中获得收益。总之,“非自由的民主”体制是制度与组织、制度与制度的互动结果,而非欧尔班在任十年的个人“功劳”,因此,有必要以制度演化的视角来解析匈牙利的制度体系及其起源与演进动力。
The fierce critics from the western countries on the“illiberal democracy”in Hungary have ignored the incentives provided by the existing institutions to political and economic organizations and the influences of these organizations on the institutions.After the transition,the Hungarian political system has provided incentives for its political organizations to further maintain centralization.On the other hand,the economic systems have brought momentum for the economic organizations to promote institutional transformation.Consequently,the political and economic institutions adapt to and become compatible with each other,resulting in a stable system of institutions,which provides significant benefits to the coalition of the specific political and economic organizations.In short,the“illiberal democracy”is the result of the interaction between institutions and organizations on one hand,and between the institutions in different fields on the other,rather than the personal“achievement”of Orbán himself during his ten-year rule.This paper shows that it is necessary to analyze a country’s institutional system,its origin and dynamics from the perspective of institutional evolution.
出处
《欧洲研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期71-94,I0004,I0005,共26页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
