摘要
杨嗣昌作为历仕万历、泰昌、天启、崇祯四朝的晚明重臣,在明代史料中争议纷扰,且多以负面形象出现,但其于政治、财政、军事、文化领域实颇多建树。如其在万历四十五年(1617)至天启二年(1622)任职户部期间,围绕明金辽东战争的经费问题提出了一系列筹集、管理、使用军饷的策略与思路,诸如金花银充饷、物资折银充饷、挪用赏赐充饷、请发内帑等,虽囿于时政形势多数未得实施,但就得到皇帝采纳的部分而言,确实缓解了辽饷短缺的问题,并细化了军饷的发放环节,节约且提高了辽饷的使用效率,在一定程度上减轻了明帝国的财政压力。本文即以杨嗣昌在户部任职期间的奏疏作为主要材料,梳理归纳其督理辽饷的具体措施,进而还原杨嗣昌在解决为明帝国筹措对后金的战争经费的问题中所起的重要作用。
Yang Sichang,as a senior official in the late Ming Dynasty,was controversial in Ming Dynasty historical materials,and mostly appeared in a negative way,but he made a lot of achievements in the political,financial,military and cultural fields.For example,from the year of Wanli(1617)to the year of Tianqi(1622),he put fonvard a series of strategies and ideas for raising,managing and using military salaries of the Ming-Jin-Liaodong War's spending.Although most of them were not implemented due to the current political situation,the parts which adopted by the emperor did alleviate the problem of the shortage of Liao's finance.This paper takes Yang Sichang's memorial to the throne as the main material,sorts out his specific measures,and restores Yang Sichang's important role in solving the problem of raising war funds for the Ming Empire.
关键词
杨嗣昌
明金战争
辽饷
策略
Yang Sichang
Ming-Jin War
Military pay for soldiers
Strategies
