摘要
名校集团是教育行政部门主导的,以快速分享名校优质资源为目的的一类公办教育组织化推进模式,名校运用信息化技术手段共享优质教育资源的尝试取得了一些成效,很多大城市都实施了名校集团化模式。这次新型冠状病毒疫情的袭来,更促使人思考优质教育资源普惠化和便捷化分享的有效途径,理顺名校集团的运行机制及其面临的制度问题,有助于完善突破地域对资源共享限制的认知。名校集团组织面临多维的制度环境,包括名校自身理性发展、政府和社会三个维度。制度环境共同形塑了名校组织形式的合法性,导致区(县)域内发展和全域发展两个历史阶段。当下名校集团的组织运行隐含名校资源集中化需求与名校组织规模扩大的制度矛盾,其焦点就是名校的人力资本资源。区级政府与名校自身更愿意扩大名校内编和财政收入,市级政府则倾向于给弱校和新校编制和财政支持,以鼓励名校师资向下流动。作为一种组织结果,名校集团选择派出少量管理及教师人员这一套非正式制度来化解制度矛盾,因此容易出现存在资源分享力度低的这一类普遍性问题。本文最后提出全域教育技术现代化、城乡教育联盟、教育投入多元化三个方面的建议,来完善名校集团化解制度矛盾的策略,提升分享不可复制资源的力度。
The famous school group is an attempt to share education resources,which rapidly expands in big cities.In the face of the COVID-19 epidemic,it is more necessary to explore an effective way to share high-quality education resources,to break through the regional restrictions.As an organization,the group of famous schools is faced with multi-dimensional institutional environment,which includes three dimensions:the rational development of famous schools themselves,the government and the society.These three aspects shape the legitimacy of the institutional form of famous schools,leading to two stages of their development.At present,the operation of famous school groups have been faced with a pair of contradictory institutional pressures.The local government and famous schools are more willing to expand the staffing group and financial revenue of famous schools,while the central government tends to give weak schools and new schools more support.As a result,famous school groups choose to send a small number of management and teachers to resolve institutional conflicts,which may lead to a problem of insufGcient resources sharing.Finally,the paper puts forward three suggestions:the modernization of educational technology,the alliance of urban and rural schools,the diversification of educational investment.The goal is to improve the strategies of solving institutional conflicts of famous school groups and enhancing the strength of sharing resources.
作者
熊方军
卢尧选
XIONG Fangjun;LU Yaoxuan
出处
《社会政策研究》
2020年第3期116-126,共11页
Social Policy Research
关键词
名校效应
名校集团
教育公平
新制度主义
Famous school influence
Famous school group
Education equity
New Institutionalism
