摘要
专制君主制是俄国政治文化传统,是理解俄国各阶段历史进程的一把钥匙。不同于后来许多专制制度的概念,如东方式的独裁君主制,或西方式的绝对君主制,专制君主制是俄国政治制度最本质、最贴切的表达,是贯穿俄国政治史的一种特殊历史现象。"专制君主制"这一术语自拜占庭传入后,经伊凡三世、伊凡四世时期内化、衍生出君主权力的对外独立自主性和对内不受限制性,逐渐成为俄国政治官方接受的自我认知和民众认可的群体记忆。专制君主制在长期发展演变过程中,以其强大的制度路径依赖性,最终在彼得一世改革中定型,成为俄罗斯帝国国家制度构建的核心理念。
Autocracy(самодержавие)is the core of Russian political civilization,as well as the key to understanding the historical process of Russia.Unlike many later autocratic concepts,such as Oriental despotism(деспотизм)or Western absolutism(абсолютизм),autocracy is the most essential and appropriate expression of the Russian political system,and a special historical phenomenon throughout Russian political history.Since the introduction of the term“autocracy”in Byzantium,the term has been internalized and enriched in the period of Ivan III and Ivan IV,resulting in independence from the outside world and the unrestricted nature of the inside world,which gradually became a self-recognition accepted by Russian political officials and a collective memory recognized by the public.In the course of long-term development and evolution,autocracy,with its strong dependence on the institutional path,was finalized in Peter I Reform and became the core idea of the state institution building of the Russian Empire.
作者
周厚琴
ZHOU Hou-qin(School of History and Civilization,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi)
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期110-123,共14页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“古罗斯文明研究(9—13世纪)”(16CSS006)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“危机与选择:俄国大动乱研究(1598—1613年)”(2018M643566)
教育部人文社会科学基金项目“俄国专制君主制探源”(15XJC10007)。
