摘要
通过系统梳理日本适应气候变化法律政策的发展历程,分析日本多主体适应气候变化的框架机制,结合其目前具体的适应实践进展,总结出可供中国借鉴的经验启示。研究发现,日本适应气候变化法律政策的发展经历了由重减缓、轻适应,到上升至国家战略,再到立法这3个阶段,形成了以国家、国立环境研究所、地方公共团体、地区气候变化适应中心、企业和居民为主体的多主体适应框架,从科研成果与决策应用转化、适应信息“共享—反馈—更新”有效循环、建立跨地区合作平台、适应资金支持、实施进度监测管理等5个方面构建了多主体适应气候变化机制。目前日本各适应主体逐步开展适应气候变化实践,但适应工作仍处于初期阶段,适应信息共享体系、跨地区合作细则以及适应政策实施效果评价体系有待进一步完善。结合日本的法律政策经验和中国具体情况,提出了中国应科学定位适应气候变化法律地位、加快立法进程,完善“监测评估—信息共享—适应行动—效果评价”多主体适应框架的机制体制,引导企业采取气候风险管理和适应性商业活动,提高居民的适应认知和适应能力的政策建议。
Through the systematic review of the development process of Japan’s climate change adaptation laws and policies,the paper analyzes the framework mechanism of multi-agent adaptation to climate change in Japan,and combining its current specific adaptation practice progress,this paper summarizes the experience and enlightenment that can be used for reference by China.It is found that the development of Japan’s climate change adaptation law and policy has gone through three stages:focusing on mitigation and neglecting adaptation,rising to national strategy and legislation.Japan has formed a multi-agent adaptation framework with the state,National Environmental Research Institute,local public entity,regional climate change adaptation center,enterprises and residents as the main body.The mechanism of multi-agent adaptation to climate change is constructed from the following five aspects:transformation of scientific research achievements and decision-making application,the effective cycle of“sharing,feedback,updating”of adaptation information,establishment of cross regional cooperation platform,adaptation funding support,implementation of progress monitoring and management.At present,Japan is gradually carrying out the practice of adaptation,but the work of adaptation is still in the initial stage.The evaluation system of adaptive information sharing system,cross regional cooperation rules and the implementation effect of adaptive policies needs to be further improved.Combined with Japan’s legal policy experience and China’s specific situation,the following policy recommendations are put forward.China should scientifically position its legal position in adapting to climate change,speed up the climate change adaptation legislation,improve the mechanism system of multi-agent adaptation framework of“monitoring and evaluation,information sharing,adaptation action,effect evaluation”,guide enterprises to adopt climate risk management and adaptive business activities,and improve the residents’adaptive cogniti
作者
袁媛
李国庆
YUAN Yuan;LI Guo-Qing(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(Graduate School),Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Ecological Civilization,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100028,China)
出处
《气候变化研究进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期505-515,共11页
Climate Change Research
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划资助课题(2018YFA0606304)
中国社会科学院大学(研究生院)研究生科研创新支持计划(2020-KY-019)。
关键词
气候变化适应
多主体
法律政策
框架机制
实践进展
日本
Climate change adaption
Multi-agent
Laws and policies
Framework mechanism
Practice progress
Japan
