摘要
基于中国最大的灌区--淠史杭灌区渠道内水生植物过度繁殖的现象,为了探究导致渠内水生植物过度繁殖的原因,该研究于2018年4、7、9月,利用野外调查和室内分析的方法,分3次调研了总干渠和干渠内的水生植物类型及分布,测量了不同类型水生植物的生物量,分析了光照、温度、水体营养盐状态和水文情势等因素对水生植物生长的影响,在此基础上,针对性地提出了适合淠史杭灌区水生植物的去除措施。研究结果如下:淠史杭灌区渠道内主要水草分为沉水植物、挺水植物和浮水植物三类,共计16种,主要分布在离渠道岸堤20 m以内水域;4月沉水植物、挺水植物和浮水植物的生物量分别为57.60、13.00、9.00 kg·m-2,7月分别为60.99、27.40、16.71 kg·m-2,9月分别为62.21、27.50、17.50 kg·m-2;水生植物生物量与气温和光照呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.89和0.87;与氨氮、pH值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别是0.76和0.62;与浊度、流速呈显著负相关(P<0.05),相关系数-0.74和-0.54。对于水生植物的去除措施,12月份至次年5月份开展人工打捞除草效果最好,pH值介于5-7之间可抑制除了荇菜之外大部分水生植物的生长,疏浚除草措施可在每年冬天12至次年2月实施,疏浚厚度30 cm左右,疏浚部位为距离岸边2 m之外区域。
The aquatic plants were overgrowing in channels of Pishihang Irrigated District which was the largest irrigated district in China. To clear the reasons of aquatic plants overgrowth, the kinds, distribution and biomass of aquatic plants in main channels and channels were surveyed by field investigation and lab analysis in April, July and September in 2018. Growth affection factors which were light intensity, temperature, water nutrition and hydrological regime were also analyzed. The weeding ways which were suited for Pishihang Irrigated District channels were discussed base on growth characteristics and influencing factors of the aquatic plants. The results were as follows: There were 16 kinds of aquatic plants in Pishihang Irrigated District channels. Submerged plants, emergent aquatic plant and floating plant were observed. The aquatic plants distributed within 20 m from the channels banks. Three types plants biomass were 57.60 kg·m-2, 13.00 kg·m-2 and 9.00 kg·m-2 in April, 60.99 kg·m-2, 27.40 kg·m-2 and 16.71 kg·m-2 in July, 62.21 kg·m-2, 27.50 kg·m-2 and 17.50 kg·m-2 in September. The aquatic plants biomass were extremely significant(P<0.01) correlated with temperature and light intensity, the correlation coefficient were 0.89 and 0.87 respectively;The biomass were correlated significantly(P<0.05) with ammonia nitrogen, pH, turbidity and flow, the correlation coefficient were 0.76, 0.62,-0.74 and-0.54 respectively. For the weeding ways, manual weeding should be carried on from December to May in next year;Weak acidic water(pH: 5–7) can inhibit growth of aquatic plants except Nymphoides peltatum;Dredging weeding should be carried on from December to February in next year, and dredging which thickness was 30 cm was located more than 2 m away from the shore.
作者
张永生
李海英
李站
洪忠
ZHANG Yongsheng;LI Haiying;LI Zhan;HONG Zhong(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China;Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute co.LTD,Shenzhen 518000,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1333-1343,共11页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题(2017YFC0403503)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(5187091516)
安徽省淠史杭灌区续建配套与节水改造工程项目
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX-006-05)。
关键词
淠史杭灌区
水生植物
生物量
相关性
除草措施
Pishihang Irrigated District
aquatic plants
the biomass
correlation
weeding
