摘要
中国粮食安全已经由粮食数量安全向粮食结构安全转变,粮食供给结构性失衡导致粮食短缺与粮食过剩同时存在,粮食陷入“三量齐增”困局。文章梳理粮食结构影响因素的国外研究新进展,分别从粮食贸易、补贴政策、粮食价格、气候土壤环境等方面阐述对粮食生产结构的影响,以期为解决中国的粮食结构安全带来一些新思考。从国家层面看,消除贸易壁垒意味着贸易收益与财政资源的合理利用,有利于增加社会总体福利水平,但损害了生产者的生产积极性。粮食补贴对种植决策带来的影响有限,且补贴效率低下容易带来沉重的财政负担。从粮食生产要素来看,气候变化导致粮食生产风险增加,改变耕作方式有利于土壤的生物功能进而改善粮食生产。调整粮食结构和深化粮食流通体制改革、土地制度改革要同步进行,调整粮食结构不是单纯的生产安排问题,在很大程度上是体制转型、发展转型、机制转换乃至经营形式创新的问题。从长期发展考虑要以农民收入增长、粮食安全战略、土地利用效率为综合目标,构建城镇化与粮食结构安全的联动机制。
China’s food security has been transformed from the security of food quantity to the security of food structure. The structural imbalance of food supply leads to the simultaneous existence of food shortage and food surplus, which results in the joint growth of grain production, import volume and grain inventory. This paper summarizes the current progress of foreign research on the factors affecting grain structure, and expounds the influences on grain production structure from the aspects of grain trade, subsidy policy, grain price, climate and soil environment, etc., in order to attain some new thoughts to solve the problem of China’s grain structure security. At the national level, the elimination of trade barriers means the rational use of trade earnings and financial resources, which is conducive to increasing the overall level of social welfare, but damages producers’ enthusiasm for production.Food subsidies have limited impact on planting decisions, and low subsidy efficiency tends to bring heavy financial burden. From the perspective of food production factors, climate change increases the risk of food production, and changing the tillage mode is beneficial to the biological function of the soil, thus improving food production. The adjustment of the grain structure and the deepening of the reform of the grain distribution system and the land system should go hand in hand. The adjustment of the grain structure is not simply a matter of production arrangement, but, to a large extent, a matter of institutional transformation, development transformation, mechanism transformation and even business form innovation. From the perspective of long-term development, a joint mechanism between urbanization and food structural security should be established with farmers’ income growth, food security strategy and land use efficiency as comprehensive goals.
作者
冷智花
钱龙
李思萌
王亚娜
Leng Zhihua;Qian Long;Li Simeng;Wang Yana(Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210003,China)
出处
《新疆农垦经济》
2020年第8期75-84,共10页
Xinjiang State Farms Economy
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:16BJY105)
湖南省教育厅重点项目(项目编号:18A070)。
关键词
粮食生产结构
贸易政策
粮食价格
grain production structure
trade policy
food prices
