摘要
本文旨在分析黑龙江省富裕县农田土壤相对湿度对玉米发育期和产量的影响,以期为松嫩平原西部玉米生产提供科学参考。以黑龙江省富裕县为研究区域,利用1982—2017年土壤相对湿度资料、1995—2017年玉米发育期资料、玉米产量资料,采用对比分析、相关分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验法,分析土壤相对湿度变化特征,研究土壤相对湿度对玉米发育期和产量的影响。结果表明:富裕县近36 a土壤相对湿度呈增加—减小—增加的趋势。播种期—出苗期、拔节期—抽雄期、乳熟期—成熟期土壤干旱平均每4—6 a一遇,抽雄期—乳熟期每2—3 a一遇,出苗期—拔节期土壤基本无旱。各发育期土壤相对湿度减小的突变年在1987年前后,增加的突变年在2013年前后。20世纪80年代土壤较适宜,干旱轻,90年代土壤相对湿度迅速下降,干旱最重,之后随着年代的推移土壤干旱逐渐减轻。玉米主要发育期中播种期—出苗期、出苗期—拔节期土壤干旱对产量影响较小,拔节期—成熟期是土壤干旱影响产量的主要时期。
This paper analyses the effects of relative soil moisture(RSM)on maize development period and yield so as to provide a scientific basis for the maize production in west Songnen Plain.Taking west Songnen Plain in Fuyu county of Heilongjiang province as the research region,using the RSM data during 1982-2017,the development period and yield of maize during 1995-2017,the change characteristics of RSM and their effects on the development period and yield of maize were investigated based on comparative analysis,correlation analysis,and Mann-Kendall mutation testing methods.The results show that the RSM experiences an increasing-decreasing-increasing change trend in recent 36 years.On average,soil drought occurs every 4-6 years during sowing-emergence,jointing-tasseling,milk-mature stage and occurs every 2-3 years during the tasseling-milk stage.Soil drought does not occur during the emergence-jointing stage.The mutation year of RSM with a decreasing and increasing trend for each development period is around 1987 and 2013,respectively.The RSM is suitable and the drought is lighter in the 1980s.In the 1990s,the RSM declines rapidly,which results in the most severe droughts.Then,the drought gradually eases with the passage of the year.Soil droughts occurring in sowing-emergence and seedling-jointing have little effect on maize yield,and the jointing-maturing period is the key period when a drought affects maize yield.
作者
闫平
季生太
孙彦坤
姜丽霞
王秋京
吕佳佳
王萍
YAN Ping;JI Sheng-tai;SUN Yan-kun;JIANG Li-xia;WANG Qiu-jing;LV Jia-jia;WANG Ping(Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030,China;Innovation and Opening laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast,China Meteorological Administration,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science,Harbin 150030,China;Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2020年第4期74-82,共9页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所和辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室联合开放基金项目(2019SYIAE04)
中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室基金项目(stqx2019zd01、stqx201803、stqx201705)共同资助
科技部"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项(2018YFD0300103-1)
关键词
土壤相对湿度
玉米
发育期
产量
Relative soil moisture
Maize
Development period
Yield
