摘要
【目的】采用盆栽试验探究不同钾肥施用量对油橄榄幼苗根系生理、根系形态、生物量以及根际土壤微环境的影响,以期确定油橄榄苗期最优的钾肥施用量,为油橄榄植株良好的生长发育提供科学合理的施肥依据。【方法】选用我国油橄榄主栽品种‘鄂植8号’为试验材料,所用钾肥为硫酸钾(K2SO4),将施用量设为5个水平,折合成K2O用量分别为10、20、30、40和50 g/株,另设不施钾肥为对照(CK)。【结果】缺钾抑制了油橄榄根系和地上部的生长发育,导致油橄榄根系活力、含水量、渗透调节物质含量降低,根系相对电导率升高,根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数下降,苗高、地径和地上及地下部干物质累积下降,根冠比降低。增施适量钾肥后,油橄榄根系活力和根系含水量增加,相对电导率下降,根系渗透调节物质含量增加,根系形态得到优化,苗高、地径、根干质量、地上部干质量和根冠比均有显著提高。施用钾肥后,油橄榄根际土壤pH和含水量降低,土壤碱解氮含量下降,速效磷、速效钾、全磷、全钾和有机质含量增加,全氮含量变化不显著;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,碱性磷酸酶活性略有下降;土壤细菌和放线菌数量升高,真菌数量显著降低,土壤细菌与真菌数量比值下降。【结论】每株增施20 g钾肥对油橄榄幼苗生长发育及根际土壤微环境的促进效果最佳。
【Objective】Pot-culture experiments were used to explore the effects of different potassium fertilizer application mass on root physiology,root morphology,biomass,and rhizospheric soil microenvironment of olive seedlings,in order to determine the optimal potassium application rate for olive seedlings,and provide scientific and rational basis for fertilization of good growth and development for olive plants.【Method】The main cultivated variety‘Ezhi 8’in China was selected as the experimental material.The potassium fertilizer used was potassium sulfate(K 2 SO 4).The application amount was set to five levels:K1,K2,K3,K4 and K5.The equivalent K 2 O dosage was 10,20,30,40 and 50 g per plant,with no potassium fertilizer as control(CK).【Results】Potassium deficiency inhibited the growth and development of olive roots and aerial parts,leading to the decrease of the root vitality,water content,and osmoregulation substance content of olive,the increase of relative electrical conductivity of the root system,root length,root surface area,root volume,and root tip number decreased,plant height,stem thickness,dry matter accumulation above and below ground decreased,and root-shoot ratio decreased.After the appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer was applied,the root vitality and root water content of olive increased,the relative conductivity decreased,the content of osmoregulation substances in the root increased,and the root morphology was optimized.The ratio of root to shoot was significantly improved.After the application of potassium fertilizer,pH value and water content of rhizospheric soil decreased,the content of soil alkaline nitrogen decreased,and the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium,total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter increased,and the total nitrogen content did not change significantly.The activities of invertase and catalase were significantly enhanced,and the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased slightly.The number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased
作者
王天
宋佳承
闫士朋
李朝周
WANG Tian;SONG Jiacheng;YAN Shipeng;LI Chaozhou(.College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2020年第3期153-163,共11页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660223)
甘肃农业大学科技创新基金--学科建设专项基金项目(GAU-XKJS-2018-115、GAU-XKJS-2018-174)
甘肃省农牧厅科技创新项目(GNSW-2016-28)。
关键词
钾肥
油橄榄
根系生理
根际土壤微环境
potassium fertilizer
Olea europaea
root physiology
rhizospheric soil microenvironment
