摘要
【目的】研究不同覆盖材料对‘华红’苹果生长期叶片和果实中矿质元素含量的影响情况,为辽西地区苹果园地面覆盖合适材料的选择提供理论依据。【方法】以12年生‘华红’(砧木为‘山定子’)为试材,研究了地布覆盖、稻壳炭覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖和生草覆盖处理下不同生长时期苹果果实的单果质量、苹果叶片和果实中矿质元素含量的差异情况。【结果】6-10月采集的不同覆盖处理下‘华红’苹果叶片中不同矿质元素的含量均存在差异。4种覆盖处理下苹果叶片中各矿质元素的含量变化趋势整体表现为:叶片中氮、钾和镁的含量均保持稳定;其磷和铜的含量变化趋势均表现为前期高而后期降低;其钙含量呈现缓慢增长的趋势;其硼和锰的含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其铁含量则表现为先降低后增加的变化趋势。除硼以外,果实中其他8种矿质元素含量在苹果树生长季前期均最高,随着果实发育果实中各种矿质元素的含量均降低。4种覆盖处理均能增加苹果果实的单果质量和各个生长发育时期苹果叶片和果实中各种矿质元素的含量。地布覆盖的苹果叶片中各种矿质元素的含量不同程度地低于其他3种覆盖处理的;除铁和锰以外,生草覆盖的苹果叶片其他7种矿质元素的含量均高于秸秆覆盖和稻壳炭覆盖处理的。4种覆盖处理的苹果果实中各种矿质元素的含量均存在差异;秸秆覆盖的果实中氮、磷、钾、镁和硼的含量均最高,生草覆盖的果实中钙、铁、锰和铜的含量均最高,而地布覆盖的果实中磷、钾、钙、镁、硼和铁的含量均最低。【结论】覆盖能增加‘华红’苹果叶片和果实中各种矿质元素的含量,且生草覆盖和秸秆覆盖的处理效果均优于地布覆盖和稻壳炭覆盖的处理效果。生草或秸秆覆盖是较适于辽西地区苹果园的地面管理方式。
【Objective】The effects of different mulching materials on the mineral elements contents in apple‘Huahong’leaves and fruits in growth period was investigated,to provide a scientific basis for suitable mulching materials of apple orchards in western Liaoning.【Method】Using 12-year-old apple‘Huahong’/Malus baccata Borkh as the test materials,4 different mulching treatments were set including horticultural fabric mulching,rice husk carbon mulching,straw mulching and living grass mulching,to compare the single fruit mass,and variation of mineral elements contents in leaves and fruits at different periods.【Result】From June to October,apple‘Huahong’leaves showed different annual variations of the mineral elements contents.The mineral elements contents treated by four mulching materials showed that contents of N,K and Mg in leaves remained stable;contents of P and Cu were higher in the early stage,and decreased with the growth;content of Ca increases slowly;contents of B and Mn were increased firstly followed by decreasing,while content of Fe was decreased firstly followed by increasing.With the exception of B,the other 8 kinds of mineral elements in the fruit had the largest contents in the early growth season,and the mineral element contents decreased with the development of the fruit.All treatments increased the single fruit quality,as well as the contents of mineral elements in apple leaves and fruits in different periods.The mineral elements contents in leaves treated by horticultural fabric mulching was lower than the other 3 kinds of mulching treatments.Except for Fe and Mn,the contents of other 7 kinds of mineral elements in leaves treated by living grass mulching were higher than those mulched with straw and rice husk carbon.The contents of mineral elements in fruits under different mulching treatments were also different.The fruits treated by straw mulching had the highest N,P,K,Mg,B contents,and treated by living grass mulching had the highest Ca,Fe,Mn,and Cu contents,while treated by ho
作者
周江涛
赵德英
程存刚
闫帅
ZHOU Jiangtao;ZHAO Deying;CHENG Cungang;YAN Shuai(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2020年第3期58-67,共10页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项(2017YFC1502805)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2018)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP)
现代苹果产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27)。
