摘要
在自然环境、人工生态系统等不同的环境介质中,微生物能与各种金属及其化合物共存并产生相互作用,最终影响其在环境中的迁移速率、循环过程及分布状态.本文综述了金属元素的生物地球化学循环、微生物与金属元素的互作机理以及在生产生活中的应用.主要结论为:微生物通过生物矿化、生物浸出等方式使金属发生迁移和生物转化,进而影响其在不同环境介质中的迁移速率、毒性等理化性质,参与了金属地球化学循环的每一步.微生物与金属相互作用的机理探索目前尚处于研究阶段,但较为认可的作用机制包括生物膜作用、电子传递和毒性效应等.而在工业上,微生物与金属元素间的相互作用在微生物燃料电池、金属的回收利用、土壤中重金属污染的治理等诸多方面得到了广泛的应用.未来可在群落水平上利用组学手段解析金属元素生物溶解与析出的调控网络及信号分子等作用机制,并利用基因工程或酶工程等技术开发可有效降低环境中重金属离子毒性的相关菌剂.(图2表1参61)
In different environments,such as natural environments or artificial ecosystems,microorganisms can coexist and interact with various metals and their compounds.These interactions affect the migration rates,circulation processes,and distribution states in the environment.This paper reviews the biogeochemical cycle of metal elements,the interaction mechanisms of microorganisms and metal elements,and their potential applications in production and life.The main conclusions are that microorganisms migrate and biotransform metals via biomineralization,bioleaching,and other related processes.This affects the physical and chemical properties(i.e.,the migration rate and toxicity)of the environmental media,which indicates that the microbes participate in every step of the metal geochemical cycle.The mechanism of interaction between microorganisms and metals is the topic of ongoing research,but recognized processes include biofilm action,electron transport,and toxic effects.In industry,the interaction between microorganisms and metal elements has been widely used for microbial fuel cells,metal recycling,and the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soils.Finally,the cumulative research results are synthesized,and the future developments of this field are discussed.The mechanisms of regulation and metal element biolysis and precipitation should be analyzed at the community level,and techniques such as genetic or enzyme engineering could be used to develop new strains to reduce the toxicity of heavy metal ions in the environment.
作者
李政
张珩琳
范书伶
杨颖
李严
曲媛媛
LI Zheng;ZHANG Henglin;FAN Shuling;YANG Ying;LI Yan;QU Yuanyuan(Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(Ministry of Education),School of Environmental Science and Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期836-843,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室开放课题(QAK201943)
国家自然科学基金项目(31970107)资助。
关键词
金属元素
微生物
迁移转化
工程应用
metal element
microorganism
transportation and transformation
engineering application
