摘要
文章主要考察“你”行用之前的南北朝时期“尔”“汝”的使用情况,认为“尔”“汝”有地域之别:南朝口语说“汝”,“尔”已经是个文言词,完全退出了口语。北朝口语说“汝”,也说“尔”;“汝”是北朝通行的第二人称代词,相当于通语,“尔”带有地域色彩,较“汝”更为鄙俗。“尔”读音分化以后,产生新的书写形式“你”。“你”以北朝为出口,走出中古,迈向唐代,再次与“汝”展开竞争,最终成为汉语第二人称代词的唯一形式。
The paper mainly examines the usage of er尔and ru汝in the Northern and Southern dynasties before ni你was used.We hold that er尔and ru汝were geographically different:ru汝was a colloquialisms while er尔had already become a classical Chinese word and had been lifted out of colloquialism.Both er尔and ru汝were used as colloquialisms in the Northern dynasties;ru汝was the second person pronoun common in the Northern dynasties and was equivalent to mandarin at the time,while er尔was a regional word and was more vulgar in style than ru汝.After the pronunciation of er尔was differentiated,a new form of writing ni你came into being.Taking the Northern dynasties as an exit,ni你stepped out of the Middle Ages and entered the Tang dynasty.It then competed with ru汝again,and finally became the only form of Chinese second⁃person pronouns.
出处
《辞书研究》
2020年第5期36-50,126,共16页
Lexicographical Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“汉语词汇通史”(项目编号14ZDB093)的阶段性成果。
关键词
尔
汝
口语
地域
北朝
er尔
ru汝
colloquialisms
region
the Northern dynasties
