摘要
本文认为,“宗教礼物论”是一个具有潜力的理论视角,它以莫斯等人的礼物理论为基础,探讨宗教现象及其与社会的关系。本文在述评现有文献的基础上,探讨礼物与宗教的内在关系,进而分析礼物理论与宗教社会学的亲和性。文章认为:首先,礼物与宗教是双向关联的,两者相辅相成,不仅宗教现象中蕴含着礼物逻辑,而且宗教为礼物的内在价值提供了神圣性的基础;其次,礼物和宗教都与社会团结的法则直接关联,这一点体现在两者共通的自愿式义务性上,两者既融合了情感性联系和工具性联系,也融合了相互性伦理和等级性伦理;最后,“宗教礼物论”的优势最可能体现在对宗教之“非自主选择性”的分析上,而它的潜在挑战则主要在应对社会变迁与价值倾向上。
This paper holds that“religious gift theory”,derived from the gift theory of Mauss and others,is a promising theoretical perspective that explores religion and its relationship with society.Through a review of the existing literature,this paper discusses the internal logic between gifts and religion,and then analyzes the affinity between gift theory and sociology of religion,and how gift theory can help us to understand the relationship between religion and society.Firstly,gifts and religion are mutually related and complementary to each other.The logic of religious gifts reveals its moral origin.At the same time,religious support makes gifts possible.Religion bestows a sacred foundation for the intrinsic value of gift exchange,while gifts provide a continuous social bond for the sustenance of religious life.Secondly,both gifts and religion are directly related to the law of social solidarity,reflected in their common character called“voluntary obligation”.The two combine not only emotional and instrumental connections but also reciprocal and hierarchical ethics,jointly representing the basic mechanism of social solidarity and social self-replication.Finally,the advantage of“religious gift theory”is most likely to be reflected in the analysis of“involuntarism”of religion,which includes“no need to choose”in diffused religions and“difficult to choose”in dominant religions.After all,it is a general fact about religion that“voluntarism”is embedded in the cultural context.In addition,the potential challenge of“religious gift theory”is mainly reflected in dealing with external social change and internal value orientation.
作者
吴越
WU Yue(Peking University)
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期169-189,共21页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
关键词
礼物
宗教
宗教礼物论
圣物
the gift
religion
religious gift theory
the sacred
