摘要
通过2017-2019年2年大田定位试验,研究了油-稻轮作下前茬氮肥投入量与稻季氮肥运筹对稻田土壤养分、碳库及作物产量的影响。在油菜季设置常规施氮(N 180 kg/hm^2,Nc)、减量施氮(N 150 kg/hm^2,Nr)2个处理,水稻季在N 150 kg/hm^2用量基础上设置3个运筹M1、M2和M3,其基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥配比分别为2∶2∶6、3∶3∶4和4∶4∶2,以不施氮为对照(M0)。结果表明:2年试验结果基本一致,稻田土壤养分含量和碳库年度间表现为2019年略高于2018年,而水稻产量和周年产量则表现为2019年略低于2018年。油菜季减量施氮(Nr)相对于常规施氮(Nc)提高了稻田土壤有机质、速效磷、总有机碳、微生物碳的含量。在油菜季Nc和Nr处理下,稻季M3氮肥运筹下土壤总有机碳含量显著高于M0、M1和M2,而M1和M2处理间差异不显著。相对于油菜Nc,油菜季Nr与稻季M3运筹下的稻田有机质、全氮、速效磷、土壤总有机碳、微生物碳含量和水稻产量2年平均分别增加了16.07%、1.07%、2.29%、4.18%、45.73%和1.45%,作物周年产量下降3.63%,但不显著。从资源高效和环境效益方面综合考虑,油菜季减少氮肥投入30 kg/hm^2,配合稻季M3(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶4∶2)运筹模式是提高油-稻轮作体系稻田固碳、土壤养分状况和稳定作物产量的较好生产模式。
In order to reveal the effects of nitrogen fertilizer input and nitrogen fertilizer application in rice season on paddy field soil nutrients,carbon pool and crop yield in rape-rice rotation,a field experiment was conducted in 2017-2019.In this rotation system,conventional nitrogen rate(180 kg/hm^2 in rape season,Nc)and reduced nitrogen rate(150 kg/hm^2in rape season,Nr)were set up.Based on the application rate of 150 kg/hm^2 nitrogen in rice season,three models named M1-M3 were also set up,and the application rate of base fertilizer,tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 2∶2∶6,3∶3∶4 and 4∶4∶2,respectively.The results showed that the two-year test results were basically the same.The soil nutrient content and carbon pool performance in 2019 were slightly higher than those in 2018,while the rice yield and annual yield in 2019 were slightly lower than those in 2018.Compared with conventional nitrogen application,the reduced nitrogen application in rape season increased the contents of paddy soil organic matter,available phosphorus,total organic carbon and microbial carbon.Under the Nc and Nr treatments in the rape season,the total organic carbon content of the soil under the M3 treatment in the rice season was significantly higher than that under M0,M1 and M2 treatments,but the differences between the M1 and M2 treatments were not significant.Compared with Nc treatment,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,total soil organic carbon microbial carbon and rice yield under Nr treatment in rape season and M3 treatment in rice season increased by 16.07%,1.07%,2.29%,4.18%,45.73%and 1.45%,respectively,the annual crop yield decreased by 3.63%,but the difference was not significant.Considering the resource efficiency and environmental benefits,Nr treatment in the rape season combines with M3 treatment(basic fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer=4∶4∶2)in the rice season is best production model for improving carbon fixation in paddy fields,improving soil nut
作者
马鹏
张宇杰
林郸
吕旭
伍杂日曲
舒川海
杨志远
孙永健
马均
MA Peng;ZHANG Yu-jie;LIN Dan;LYU Xu;WUZA Ri-qu;SHU Chuan-hai;YANG Zhi-yuan;SUN Yong-jian;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Sichuan Province, Wenjiang 611130, China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期896-904,共9页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301701、2017YFD0301706,2018YFD0301202)
四川省育种攻关专项(2016NYZ0051)。
关键词
油-稻轮作
减量施氮
氮肥运筹
碳库
产量
rape-rice rotation
reduced nitrogen application
nitrogen fertilizer application
carbon pool
yield
