摘要
【目的】研究不同温度、时间和品种对甘蔗花穗温水去雄效果的影响,探寻适宜的甘蔗杂交母本去雄方案,减少自交,提高甘蔗花穗杂交结实率。【方法】采用L9(34)正交表的设计方案进行三因素三水平的正交试验。以ROC22、科5和桂糖02-619等3个多花粉的甘蔗品种为试材,分别将其花穗在48、50和52℃温水中浸泡3、5和7 min。每处理6株(每株1个花穗),其中:3株自交,3株异交(人工授予新鲜的外源花粉)。统计分析自交出苗数和异交出苗数。【结果】ROC22、科5和桂糖02-619等3个品种均随水温增加、时间延长,其自交出苗数和异交出苗数都逐渐降低,假杂种比例呈现波动变化,50℃、3 min处理组合的假杂种比例最低(0.12)。方差分析结果表明,自交结实出苗数/异交结实出苗数(M值)可以作为温水去雄效果的评定标准,M值越高,去雄效果越好。温度和时间对M值均有显著影响,品种间差异不显著。【结论】甘蔗花穗去雄前先将小花穗枝条未展开和成熟(或即将成熟)的枝条剪去,置于50℃温水中浸泡3 min后再进行杂交,可显著提高甘蔗有性杂交的育种效率。
【Objective】Orthogonal tests on temperature,time and varieties were conducted for the effects of emasculation technology by hot water in this study,which contributed to explore the suitable emasculation schemes of female parents,reduce self-fertilization ratio and improve the hybrid seed fertility of sugarcane tassels.【Method】The tassels of ROC22,Ke 5 and Guitang 02-619 with numerous pollen were treated at 48℃,50℃ and 52℃ for 3 min,5 min and 7 min according to the design scheme from L9(34)orthogonal table.Among 6 tassels(one tassel per plant),3 tassels were self-pollinated and the other 3 tassels were cross-pollinated(fresh exogenous pollen was granted artificially),the results of which were analyzed to calculate the emergence rate of self-pollinated and cross-pollinated hybrids.【Result】The emergence rate of ROC22,Ke 5 and Guitang 02-619 were gradually decreased with the increasing of temperature and time,and the ratio of pseudohybrids appeared to change with fluctuating.In addition,the pseudohybrids ratio was lowest(0.12)when cultivars were treated at 50℃ for 3 min.The variance analysis results showed that emergence number of self-pollinated seeds/emergence number of outcrossed seeds(M value)can be used to identify the effects of emasculation technology by hot water,the effect of emasculation technology by hot water was more significant when M value was higher.The temperature and time influenced on M value significantly,but different varieties had no difference.【Conclusion】The emasculation effect of sugarcane tassels being treated at 50℃ for 3min was better when the unspread branches and mature or being mature branches were removed before tassel emasculation,which significantly increased the seed setting percentage of hybridization.
作者
常海龙
郭育强
周峰
方娜
邱永生
陈俊吕
张伟
秦元霞
吴建涛
张垂明
刘壮
王勤南
CHANG Hailong;GUO Yuqiang;ZHOU Feng;FANG Na;QIU Yongsheng;CHEN Junlyu;ZHANG Wei;QIN Yuanxia;WU Jiantao;ZHANG Chuiming;LIU Zhuang;WANG Qinnan(Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station of GSIRI/Ministry of Agriculture of Guangdong Sugarcane Germplasm Resources and Utilization of Scientific Observation Test Station,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China)
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期591-597,共7页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2020GDASYL-20200302005)
现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-170107)
国家自然科学基金项目(31701488)
广东省甘蔗剑麻产业技术体系创新团队专项(GARS-07-02)
广东省甘蔗种质资源库建设项目(2019B030316034)。
关键词
甘蔗
花穗
正交试验
温水去雄
异交结实率
Sugarcane
tassels
Orthogonal tests
Emasculation technology by hot water
Outcrossing rate