摘要
以甘蔗品种‘粤糖03-393’(‘粤糖60号’)为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,通过4 a(造)钾肥水平(0、225、450、675、900 kg/hm^2)定位试验,研究长期施用钾肥对甘蔗产量、农学效应、植株吸钾量、钾肥利用率、土壤钾素含量、土壤钾素平衡和钾肥经济效益的影响。结果表明:随着钾肥施用量的增加,甘蔗农学效应、产量、钾肥利用率呈先增后降的趋势,产投比逐渐减小,450 kg/hm^2处理的产量和钾肥利用率最高,225 kg/hm^2处理的农学效应和产投比最高;甘蔗植株的吸钾量、土壤钾素含量、钾素平衡系数呈升高的趋势,出现植株奢侈吸收、土壤钾素含量过高、表观盈余过多、钾素资源浪费现象。合理施用钾肥能增加农学效应和产量,而过量施钾会降低农学效应和钾肥利用率,还造成资源浪费和养分流失。考虑农学效应、肥料利用率、土壤钾素表观平衡、综合效益等因素,甘蔗钾肥施用量建议为225~450 kg/hm^2 K2O。
A four-year(2014 to 2017)potassium fertilizer field experiment designed by a random block with cultivar‘Yuetang 03-393’(‘Yuetang 60’)and five K2O levels of 0,225,450,675 and 900 kg/hm^2 respectively was conducted to evaluate the effects of the long-term application of potassium fertilizers on sugarcane yield,agronomy efficiency,plant potassium(K)uptake,potassium use efficiency and soil potassium content.Under a certain K2O application range,with the increase of potassium application rate,the agronomy efficiency,yield and potassium use efficiency of sugarcane increased and then decreased,while the output-input ratio was down.The yield and potassium use efficiency of the treatment with 450 kg/hm^2 K2O were the highest,and the agronomy efficiency and output-input ratio of the treatment with 225 kg/hm^2 K2O were the best.With the increase of potassium fertilizer dosage,the potassium uptake,soil potassium content and potassium equilibrium coefficient of sugarcane plants increased,resulting in luxury absorption of plants,excessive soil potassium content,excessive apparent surplus and waste of potassium resources.The reasonable application of potassium fertilizers could increase the agronomic benefit and yield.However,the excessive application of potassium fertilizers could reduce the agricultural effect and potassium use efficiency,and also result in the waste of resources and loss of K nutrients.Considering agronomy efficiency,fertilizer use efficiency,apparent balance of soil potassium and comprehensive benefits,the recommended amount of potassium fertilizers for sugarcane is K2O 225–450 kg/hm^2.
作者
黄振瑞
周文灵
敖俊华
陈迪文
黄莹
江永
李奇伟
HUANG Zhenrui;ZHOU Wenling;AO Junhua;CHEN Diwen;HUANG Ying;JIANG Yong;LI Qiwei(Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute(Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute)/Guangdong Key Lab of Sugarcane Improvement&Biorefinery,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510316,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1347-1353,共7页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-20-3-1)
广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2016A030313416)
广东省科技计划项目(No.2017B030314123)。
关键词
钾肥
甘蔗
产量
土壤钾素平衡
potassium fertilizer
sugarcane
yield
soil potassium balance
