摘要
冻融作用是高纬度和高海拔地区常见的土壤随温度变化反复冻结-融解的自然现象,频繁的冻融过程将对土壤理化和生物学性质产生不同程度的重要影响。对于脆弱且敏感的高寒草地生态系统而言,冻融作用将可能更为复杂地影响其土壤生态环境及生物地球化学循环过程。文章系统地论述了冻融过程对高寒草地土壤物理结构、化学和生物学特性、主要养分转化以及植被生长等方面的作用特征,指出冻融过程及其格局变化将导致草地土壤养分迁移转化和植被生产力的复杂和差异性响应,进而可能对草地生态系统服务功能发挥及高寒区生态环境产生不容忽视的重要作用。建议未来研究应当立足于土壤冻融过程的复杂性及高寒生态系统对气候变化响应的敏感性,重视区域尺度长期定位监测及技术创新,优化冻融作用下土壤生态环境变化研究内容,加强关于气候变化背景下高寒冻土区土壤冻融格局时空变化规律及作用机制理论研究,明确土壤冻融格局变化对不同类型冻土区和草地土壤剖面生化特性及其植被生理生态效应等的影响。重点关注冻融格局和多年冻土退化下植被生态系统演替及服务功能变化状况,探索减少冻融期土壤养分流失的优化条件和技术措施,这对于指导制定高寒区生态安全调控策略,维持草地生态系统平衡和可持续发展具有至关重要的作用。
Freeze-thaw action is a common phenomenon caused by repeated soil freezing and thawing,which can occur frequently in high latitude cold area and high altitude area.Frequent freezing-thawing events will generate various important effects on soil physicochemical and biological properties.As far as the fragile and sensitive alpine grassland was concerned,freeze-thaw action may have more complicated impacts on soil ecological environment and biogeochemical cycling process.This paper systematically reviews some research achievements about effects of freeze-thaw action on soil physical structure,chemical and biological properties,nutrient transformation and vegetation growth in alpine grasslands,and the results showed that soil freeze-thaw action and its pattern variation would result in complicated responses of major soil nutrients migration and transformation and vegetation productivity,which probably markedly influence the service function of grassland ecosystem and ecological environment of alpine permafrost areas.Scientific suggestions were put forward that more attentions should be paid to realizing the complexity of soil freezing-thawing process and the sensitivity of alpine ecosystems to climate change,and then attach importance to the innovation of technology for long-term monitoring in regional scale and the optimization of research content for investigating the change of soil ecological environment under freeze-thaw action.Meanwhile,future studies should strengthen the theoretical research on the spatial and temporal variation of soil freezing-thawing pattern and its functional mechanism under the background of climate change,so as to clarify the effects of soil freezing-thawing pattern variation on the biochemical characteristics of soil profiles and the physiological and ecological responses of vegetation in different types of frozen ground and grassland.On this basis,it is of great importance to consider the change of succession and service function of vegetation ecosystem under the condition of freezing-
作者
杜子银
DU Ziyin(School of Land and Resources,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1054-1061,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41807109)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0404)
西华师范大学一般培育项目(18B016)
西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(17E014)。
关键词
冻融作用
土壤特性
养分转化
植被生长
高寒草地生态系统
freeze-thaw action
soil properties
nutrient transformation
vegetation growth
alpine grassland ecosystem
