摘要
目的总结膀胱外翻的产前超声声像图特征,加强对膀胱外翻的认识。方法报道2例产前超声诊断膀胱外翻的病例,回顾性研究产前超声表现及引产后解剖结构特点,并对膀胱外翻产前诊断相关文献进行分析。结果膀胱外翻产前超声表现特征为肾脏正常、羊水正常、膀胱未显示、脐下腹壁膨出物、耻骨联合分离、外生殖器异常。2例膀胱外翻病例引产后病理结果为下腹壁缺损、膀胱外翻膨出,脐带腹壁入口低于髂前上棘,外生殖器异常为尿道上裂(1例男性阴茎增宽扁平、龟头分离;1例女性阴阜、大阴唇、阴蒂分离)。结论产前超声发现胎儿肾脏正常、羊水正常而动态观察膀胱未显示是诊断膀胱外翻的重要线索。膀胱外翻具有一系列特征性产前超声表现,需仔细观察腹壁与脐带入口、外生殖器、骨盆、肛门、脊柱等,与泄殖腔外翻、腹裂、脐膨出、脐尿管未闭伴尿囊囊肿等鉴别,进一步提高诊断的准确性。
Objective To summarize the prenatal characteristics of bladder exstrophy by ultrasound and strengthen the understanding of bladder exstrophy.Methods Two cases of bladder exstrophy diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound were reported.The literatures on prenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy were analyzed.Results The characteristics of prenatal ultrasonography of bladder exstrophy were normal kidney,normal amniotic fluid,non-visible bladder,protrusion of abdominal wall under umbilicus,separation of pubic symphysis,abnormal external genitalia.After induction of labor,the pathological results of 2 cases of bladder exstrophy were inferior abdominal wall defect,bladder exstrophy,umbilical cord abdominal wall entrance lower than the anterior superior iliac spine,external genitalia abnormality was hypospadias(1 case male penis widened and flattened,glans separated,1 case female pubic mound,labia majora,clitoris separated).Conclusion It is an important clue for the diagnosis of bladder exstrophy to find normal kidney and amniotic fluid in fetus by prenatal ultrasound.Bladder exstrophy has a series of characteristic prenatal ultrasonic manifestations.It is necessary to observe the abdominal wall and umbilical cord entrance,external genitalia,pelvis,anus,spine,etal carefully,and to differentiate it from cloacal exstrophy,gastrofissure,omphalocele,omphalocele with urocystic cyst,so as to further improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
作者
张冬梅
侯莉
林果
叶才为
Zhang Dongmei;Hou Li;Lin Guo;Ye Caiwei(Department of Ultrasound,Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital,School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,Sichuan,China)
出处
《中国产前诊断杂志（电子版）》
2020年第2期54-58,共5页
Chinese Journal of Prenatal Diagnosis(Electronic Version)
关键词
膀胱外翻
胎儿
产前
超声
Bladder exstrophy
Fetus
Prenatal
Ultrasonic
