摘要
周中孚以一己之力撰《郑堂读书记》,评述自先秦至清代中期的史家与史书,与他多年的积累和目录学、文献学功底有关。但周中孚所撰史部提要,实亦有所凭借。《郑堂读书记》史部提要关于作者生平、仕履、在目录书中的著录情况、版本等,参考了《四库全书总目》等目录书,也有一些是自己经眼、泛览与稽考所得。关于史书编纂旨趣和思想、学术价值的评鉴,不少是抄录原书序跋、凡例和赵翼、王鸣盛等人的评论。周中孚评骘古今史书的标准大体不离资政和考证。至于史书的文字表述、断限等问题,则不是他论史的重点。周中孚虽也肯定过一些明代学人,间或批评清人著述,但总体倾向则是褒奖清朝史学而贬低明代史家。周中孚斥明与崇清的史评倾向并不是皇朝易代在史学批评上的折射这么简单,而是清代中期汉宋之争在史学批评上的一次回响。在周中孚看来,宋学系统中的史书乏善可陈,而代表汉学正宗的清人撰述多超迈前代,虽片言可取亦极力表彰。这是周中孚在《郑堂读书记》中制造的一个学术陷阱,是今人阅读和使用时应当予以特别留心的。
ZHENGTANG DUSHUJI,commenting on historians and historical books from the Pre-Qin to the middle Qing Dynasty,was wrote by Zhou Zhongfu,and it is based on his accumulated experience and knowledge of bibliography and philology.However,the summary of the History Branch written by him has a basis.The content on authors’lives,official experiences,records of books in library catalogues and their editions comes from general summary of SIKUQUANSHU and Zheng’s experience,reading and research.Some comments on the purpose,thought and academic value of historical books are copied from the prefaces and notes of the historical books and the comments of Zhao Yi and Wang Mingsheng.Zhou Zhongfu’s comments on historical books is on the basis of their practical value and textual research.However,he didn’t concern with the text and periodization in books.Although Zhou Zhongfu rated achievements of some scholars of Ming Dynasty high and occasionally criticized some authors of Qing Dynasty,he inclined to praise the historiography of Qing Dynasty and depreciate the historians of Ming Dynasty.It is not only because of the change of dynasties,but also because of the debates between Schools of Han and Song in the middle of Qing Dynasty.In Zhou Zhongfu’s view,the historical books under the influence of the School of Song are not up to much,while historical books of the Qing,as the representative of the school of Han,are commendable.This is an academic illusion created by Zhou Zhongfu in his book,and people who read it should be careful.
出处
《史学史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期30-39,89,共11页
Journal of Historiography
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“中国古代史学批评范畴研究”(项目编号:12JJD770010)阶段性成果。
关键词
周中孚
《郑堂读书记》
史部提要
Zhou Zhongfu
ZHENGTANG DUSHUJI
summary of History Branch
