摘要
Due to the further intense human urbanization and industrialization,the environmental problems and climate changes became global issues that we have to face today.Like increasing environmental pollutants,ocean eutrophication,red-tide and acidification are causing irrevocably damages to the marine ecological environment.As an important part of marine ecosystem,macrobenthos plays an essential role in energy flow and substance circulation in the marine ecosystem.Therefore,the study of macrobenthic community structures and diversities were necessary,meanwhile the protection of macrobenthic diversity was also a tough problem.In recent years,many researches were mainly focus on Jiaozhou Bay of the Yellow Sea,the Yangtze Estuary,the coastal of Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces,while seldom on benthic organisms in the Bohai Sea.In this paper,the community structures and diversities of the common macrobenthos in the Bohai Sea were introduced and the macrobenthic response to environmental changes and environmental pollution caused by the construction of the Bohai Sea were also mentioned.The results showed that the large benthic fauna in th Bohai Sea was relatively simple compared to other China seas.There were about 400 species of large benthic organisms.The dominant species were low temperature and wide salt warm water.In the last five years,the annual average biomass was 23.82 g/m^2 and the annual average density was 1498 ind/m^2.The seasonal variation of average habitat density was usually summer autumn spring winter,and the average biomass was usually autumn spring summer winter.Original communities were destroyed and the dominant species appeared to be miniaturized caused by abuse of marine resources.Since the 21st century,the number of crustacean arthropods,bivalve molluscs,and echinoderms have decreased rapidly,but the number of polychaetes and small molluscs increased gradually.With the development of the comprehensive ecological management of the Bohai Sea,the ecological environment and habitat status in the studied a
由于人类城市化进程及工业活动的进一步加剧,其所造成的环境问题及气候变化对于海洋生境产生了不可逆的巨大破坏,海洋大型底栖动物的群落结构及其多样性的研究变得越来越重要,海洋生物多样性的保护成为亟待解决的问题。近年来对于大型底栖动物的研究主要以黄海胶州湾、长江口、福建浙江沿岸海域最为广泛,对渤海大型底栖动物研究显得相对弱化,数据资料时间间隔较长。本文主要综述了渤海湾海域常见大型底栖动物的群落结构和多样性变化及其对围填海工程所导致的环境污染的响应。结果表明,渤海海域大型底栖动物区系相对于其它海区较为简单,已发现大型底栖动物约400余种,优势种主要是低温、广盐暖水种,近五年年均生物量约为19.83 g/m^2,年均栖息密度约为474 ind/m^2,主要是多毛类和软体动物。平均栖息密度季节变化为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,平均生物量秋季>春季>夏季>冬季。在此基础上对海洋资源的综合开发利用以及生物多样性保护提出了建议。
