摘要
基于依法防疫要求,结合新冠肺炎抗疫中暴露的大型邮轮疫情防控问题,采用文献综述、实证研究和规范分析法,从法治角度探讨了大型邮轮疫情防控对策措施。大型邮轮疫情防控的医学、社会学防控特点,导致各国防控策略不同。我国突发事件应对、交通运输、公共卫生等疫情防控相关政策法规体系已具备基本框架,但专门针对大型邮轮疫情防控的政策法规(包括技术法规)尚属空白。其原因包括大型邮轮起步较晚、技术法规理念和制度缺失、依法抗疫理念形成和制度完善需要一个过程。法治视野下的大型邮轮疫情防控对策措施包括3个方面:①从生命健康权、交通强国建设、传染病防治等维度对大型邮轮疫情防控政策法规再认识,尽快完善大型邮轮船舶制造、市场准入、日常运营等政策法规和标准,以满足《交通强国建设纲要》将大型邮轮发展作为重点任务的要求;②尽快完善大型邮轮疫情防控制度体系,包括根据大型邮轮生命全周期和运行全过程特征、多元防控并无缝衔接的思路完善政策法规及标准,对防控传染病同时做"输入"和"输出"的制度设计,在《船舶技术法规体系框架(2020)》中规定邮轮医疗床位比例、医护人员比例、医疗费用比例等大型邮轮疫情防控技术法规;③严格依法分类处置大型邮轮疫情,包括区分乘客、船员及邮轮国籍;区分邮轮所在水域;区分依法处置与依人道主义的协助处置。
Based on the requirements of epidemic prevention and control in accordance with the law,and combined with the actual problems of large cruise ships in COVID-19,literature review,empirical research,and normative analysis method are used to discuss the epidemic prevention and control measures for large cruise ships from a perspective of the rule of law. The medical and sociological characteristics of epidemic prevention and control for large cruise ships lead to different strategies in different countries. In China,emergency response,transportation,public health and other epidemic prevention and control related policies as well as regulations system has a primary framework,while the specific policy and regulation(including technical regulation)in epidemic prevention and control for large cruise ships is still blank. The reasons for this include late start of large cruise ships,lack of technical and regulatory concepts and systems. The formation of the concept that epidemic prevention and control in accordance with the law requires a process of improvement. Countermeasures to prevent and control epidemics in large cruise ships from the perspective of the rule of law include3 aspects:①re-understanding the policies and regulations on the epidemics prevention and control for large cruise ships from the perspective of the right of life and health,building China’s strength in transportation,and the prevention and control of infectious diseases,improve the system of policies,regulations,and standards for shipbuilding,market access,daily operations of large cruise ships,so as to meet the requirements in Outline of Building China’s Strength in Transportation,which places the development of large cruise ships as a major task.②Improve policies,regulations,and standards of the epidemics prevention and control in large cruise ships as soon as possible. Including policies,regulations and standards based on characteristics of the entire life cycle and operation of large cruise ships,multi-dimensional prevention and contro
作者
陈晖
CHEN Hui(Development Research Centre of Transport Management Institute Ministry of Transport Of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 101601,China)
出处
《交通信息与安全》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期155-161,共7页
Journal of Transport Information and Safety
关键词
水路运输
大型邮轮
疫情防控
公共卫生事件
新冠肺炎
技术法规
water transport
large cruise ships
epidemic prevention and control
public health emergencies
COVID-19
technical regulations
