摘要
晚商时期的西土包括今豫西、晋南、关中的大部分地区。考古资料显示,该地区以陶器为代表的考古学文化与殷墟文化面貌差别较大,但不同墓地大、中型墓葬的形制特点及随葬品等方面又与殷墟相似。结合历史文献及殷墟甲骨文记载分析,其因可能是周人、先族、匿族、鬼方等归附于商王朝的古族或方国,进入西土地区所致。由此说明,晚商时期西土地区出现国家社会治理体系与考古学文化及族群的剥离,实质是早期中国由血缘王国向地缘国家转变的重要标志,这也是历史时期考古学文化与族属关系研究的新课题。
The western region of late Shang Dynasty refers to the majorities of Western Henan,Southern Shanxi and Central Shaanxi.New discoveries of archaeological materials have revealed that archaeological culture in the region,seen especially in pottery,differs greatly from those in Yinxu.However,it also seems true that the western region shared similar layout of large and medium-sized tombs and grave goods with Yinxu.Taking into consideration historical documents and oracle bone inscriptions,such differences and similarities might result from the fact that tribes or states such as Zhou,Xian,Ni,and Guifang,all once yielding obedience to the Shang Kings,began to land on the western region in the Late Shang.It is thus suggested that the Late Shang Kings had been able to establish a macro-regional administrative system,independently of the different cultures and ethnic groups,in the western region.This in essence signals that early China shifted from blood-based to territory-based,a new topic for studying the relations between archaeological cultures and ethnic groups in the historical periods.
作者
张天恩
Zhang Tian’en(Xi'an,Shaanxi 710069)
出处
《江汉考古》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期68-75,67,共9页
Jianghan Archaeology
关键词
晚商西土
文化变迁
社会管理
认识
Western region of the Late Shang Dynasty
cultural changes
social organization management
insights
