摘要
目的探索性研制一款可有效过滤低活度放射性污水中放射性核素的净化装置。方法该放射性污水净化装置由提升泵、叠片过滤器、多介质过滤器、保安过滤器、管式超滤膜、高压泵、反渗透膜组成。采用吸附-超滤-反渗透联合处理工艺,通过反渗透膜分离系统,分离污水中的放射性元素,经二级多介质过滤器循环系统循环处理,净化污水。水处理流量为20 L/min。采用含有放射性核素的元素过滤实验和放射性核素净化实验分别检测该装置的过滤效率和净化效果。结果该净化装置对放射性污水样品中常见的碘、钾、锶、铯元素的过滤效率分别为97.88%、98.38%、99.99%和99.80%;对低活度放射性污水样品中的放射性核素钾-40的单次放射性净化率高于90.00%。结论该污水净化装置对污水中常见碘、钾、锶、铯元素的过滤效率高,对含钾-40污水的放射性净化率亦较高,可进一步优化改造为适用的放射性污水净水器。
Objective To develop a radioactive sewage purification device that can effectively filter the nuclides in low-level nuclide-contaminated wastewater.Methods The radioactive sewage purification device was composed of lifting pump,stack filter,multi-medium filter,security filter,tubular ultrafiltration membrane,high-pressure pump and reverse osmotic membrane.The combined process of adsorption-ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis was used to separate radioactive elements from wastewater by reverse osmosis membrane separation system.Through two-stage multi-medium filter circulation system circulation treatment,radioactive sewage was purified.The flow rate of water treatment is 20 L/min.The filtration efficiency and purification efficiency of the device were tested by filtration experiments on elements containing radionuclide and purification experiments on radionuclide.Results The filtration efficiency on iodine,potassium,strontium and cesium,that are the common elements in radioactive sewage samples were 97.88%,98.38%,99.99%and 99.80%,respectively.The single purification efficiency of radionuclide 40K in low-level radioactive sewage was over 90.00%.Conclusion The device has high filtering efficiency for common elements such as iodine,potassium,strontium and cesium in sewage and high removal rate of radioactive activity for sewage containing 40K.It can be further optimized and transformed into a suitable radioactive sewage water purifier.
作者
刘晓勇
李健婷
李杰
黄永顺
芦小山
刘彦兵
崔凡
董明
杨展鸿
江嘉欣
黄健
陈嘉斌
LIU Xiaoyong;LI Jianting;LI Jie;HUANG Yongshun;LU Xiaoshan;LIU Yanbing;CUI Fan;DONG Ming;YANG Zhanhong;JIANG Jiaxin;HUANG Jian;CHEN Jiabin(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第2期196-199,共4页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(C2018016,C2017008,B2015010)
国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09)
广东省化学中毒与核辐射突发事件医学救援应急技术研究中心(2016A020224005)。
关键词
放射性污水
过滤
净化
核素
碘
钾
锶
铯
Radioactive sewage
Filtration
Purification
Nuclide
Iodine
Potassium
Strontium
Cesium
